文档介绍：初三英语语法复习——
★清华大学★英语系测试:为中学英语量身定做.
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初三英语语法复习——现在完成时,过去完成时
现在完成时
一、现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,也就是说,动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果.
I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地)
二、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.
①for+时段为…时间Mary has been ill for three days.
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)I have lived here since 1998.
③since+时段+ago I have worked here since two years ago.
④since+从句(过去时)I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old.
⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)It is two years since I worked here.
三、现在完成时与瞬间动作:瞬间动词如arrive, begin, borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等可以用于现在完成时,但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语(for…或是since…)连用。如:
I have bought a car. (√)
I have bought a car for a year. (×) I have bought a car since a year ago. (×)
I have had a car for a year. (√) I have had a car since a year ago. (√)
四、构成:肯定句:助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 否定句:have/has+not+过去分词
一般疑问句及应答:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)
常用的时间状语有:
already
“已经”
肯定句的中间和末尾处
never
“从不”
中间处
ever
“曾经”
疑问句和肯定句的中间处
just
“刚刚”
中间处
yet
“已经”、“还”
疑问句、否定句的末尾处
或不加任何的时间状语,但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
五、have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别
(一).have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等。例如:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配: have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm / abroad
(二).have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用,例如:
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?
have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
(三).have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在