文档介绍：Basic Chemistry
1. Atomic Structure
Matter has mass and takes up space. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter, an学构建块的事。原子不可分为使用化学物质。他们做的包括局部，其中包括质子，中子和电子，但原子是一个根本的化学物质块的物质。
●每个电子带负电荷。
●每个质子带正电荷。一个质子和一个电子的电荷在数量上是相等的，而在符号相反。电子和质子相互电吸引。
Each neutron is electrically neutral. In other words, neutrons do not have a charge and are not electrically attracted to either electrons or protons.
Protons and neutrons are about the same size as each other and are much larger than electrons. The mass of a proton is essentially the same as that of a neutron. The mass of a proton is 1840 times greater than the mass of an electron.
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. The nucleus carries a positive electrical charge.
●每个中子是电中性的。换言之，中子不带电，也没有电吸引到电子或质子。
●质子与中子的大小相同、互比电子大得多。质子的质量与中子的质量根本上是相同的。质子的质量比电子的质量大1840倍。
●原子包含质子和中子的核。细胞核携带正电荷。
Electrons move around outside the nucleus.
Almost all of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus; almost all of the volume of an atom is occupied by electrons.
The number of protons (also known as its atomic number) determines the element. Varying the number of neutrons results in isotopes. Varying the number of electrons results in ions. Isotopes and ions of an atom with a constant number of protons are all variations of a single element.
●电子绕核外。
●几乎所有原子的质量是其核心；几乎所有原子的原子量是通过电子占领。
●质子数〔也被称为原子数〕决定元素。改变同位素的中子数。改变离子的数量。具有恒定数量的质子的原子