文档介绍：Leadership
Chapter 2 - Trait Approach
Great Person Theories
Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective
What Traits Differentiate Leaders
From Nonleaders?
How Does the Trait Approach Work?
Overview
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Great Person Theories
“Great Man” Theories (early 1900s)
Focused on identifying innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great social, political, & military leaders
Trait Approach: one of the first systematic
attempts to study leadership
Great Man
Theories
Early 1900s
Research focused
on individual
characteristics
that universally
differentiated
leaders
from nonleaders
Traits Interacting
With Situational
Demands on Leaders
1930-50s
Landmark Stogdill (1948)
study - analyzed and
synthesized 124 trait studies
- Leadership
reconceptualized
as a relationship between
people in a social situation
Mann (1959) reviewed 1,400
findings of personality and
leadership in small groups
- Less emphasis on situations
- Suggested personality traits
could be used to discriminate
leaders from nonleaders
Revival of Critical Role of
Traits in Leader
Effectiveness
Stogdill (1974)
- Analyzed 163 new studies
with 1948 study findings
- Validated original study
- 10 characteristics
positively identified with
leadership
Lord, DeVader, &
Alliger (1986) meta-analysis
- Personality traits can be
used to differentiate
leaders/nonleaders
Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991)
- 6 traits make up the
“Right Stuff” for leaders
Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective
1970’s - Early 90s
Innate Qualities
Situations
Personality / Behaviors
Today
Intelligence
Self-Confidence
Determination
Integrity
Sociability
5 Major
Leadership
Traits
Studies of Leadership Traits and Characteristics
Leadership Traits
Major Leadership Traits
Intelligence – Intellectual ability including verbal, perceptual, and reasoning capabilities
Self-Confidence – Ability to be certain about one’petencies and skills
Determination – The