文档介绍：非
谓语动词
动名词
gerund
不定式
infinitive
分词
participle
非谓语动词
1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状意事项：
1）某些结构后面也要求用省略to的不定式
Would rather 宁愿 would sooner 宁愿 宁可
Would you please 请您 had better 最好
Rather than 而不是 had rather 宁愿
2）当被不定式修饰的名词与后面的不定式有动宾关系时（即为逻辑宾语），不定式结尾表示动宾关系的介词不要丢掉。
At last we found a room to live in.
I haven’t got a chair to sit on.
3）不定式作定语，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用主动语态。
I have much work to do
We found the book difficult to understand.
如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语，或不定式的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，则一般用被动语态。
Her boss got a lot of letters to be typed. (不是老板自己打，而是别人打)
“Do you have any clothes to be washed today”
语态时态
主 动 语 态
被 动 语 态
一般时
to make
to be made
进行时
to be making
完成时
to have made
to have been made
完成进行时
to have been making
动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。
动词不定式的时态和语态
1）一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在起之后 发生。
I saw him climb up the tree.
We hope to build up a modern laboratory before long
2）进行式：不定式进行式表示的动作在谓语动 词表示的动作发生时正在进行。
She was found to be teaching the pupils to make model planes.
3） 完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词 表示的动作之前发生
They are known to have come to a decision on the matter.
4）完成进行式：不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前开始发生，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行。
He is said to have been working in this factory for more than twenty years.
1. The teacher asked us _____so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
2. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
√
√
√
4. With a lot of difficult problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle