文档介绍：德士古煤气化炉耐火砖问题探讨
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discip，在适宜的粘度和操作温度下，耐火砖外表将保持一层固态的煤渣层，这层挂渣将有助于防止进一步的渣冲蚀，起到以渣抗渣的效果。当进一步降低渣粘度，这层挂渣效果变差，另外的渣将直接冲蚀砖外表。当增加渣粘度，将会堵塞渣口而影响气化炉运行。因此，煤灰渣的粘温特性也是气化炉操作的重要参考数据。对于煤中灰量的多少，一般不会造成对砖寿命的较大的影响，但当灰含量太高
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist
〔20 %〕，或气化炉大幅度超负荷运行，将会加大对耐火砖的冲刷磨损。美国依斯曼〔Eastman〕公司的一炉砖在气化炉超负荷〔130 %负荷〕条件下运行，比设计负荷下运行减少寿命33%，特别是加剧了渣口砖的蚀损。
　热面耐火砖的选材与结构设计问题
　　(1) 设计选材
　　设计选材对耐火砖的寿命至关重要。在材质的选择上，选择了抗渣性较好的含Cr2O3主材的耐火砖，由于纯的Cr2O3 材料不易烧结致密，气孔率较高，渣易渗透，所以在渣中引入了Al2O3材料，为提高铬质材料的热稳定性，引入了ZrO2材料，因此，铬铝锆型砖是熔渣气化炉较理想的耐火砖。在设计选材时，存在二种主要的设计观点：一是全套热面砖采用优质砖〔如上焦炉砖设计，全套采用了Zirchrom 90砖〕，二是根据炉内不同部位蚀损不同，采用不同材质的砖，到达整体蚀损均匀，同步换砖，降低整体费用的目的〔如依斯曼装置，其拱顶及直筒上部采用Zrichrom 60砖，直筒中下部及渣口砖采用Anirex 90砖〕。根据上焦三炉砖经验及其它装置经验，笔者认为，前者适合新投产装置，因为试车期间负荷低，高温区上移，且试车阶段工况较恶劣。采用
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist
of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist
优质砖可防止因试车一结束，就要投入大量的人力、财力和