文档介绍：Control of Respiration
Breathing is a critical robust homeostatic process that ensures adequate levels of oxygen inring normal quiet respiration
Pneumotatic center
It acts to limit inspiration. As a result, it increases the rate of breathing
第五页，共三十九页。
Is the Pre-Bötzinger Complex Essential for the Generation of Basic Respiratory Pattern?
Modified from Brain 2011:134; 24–35
Medulla oblongata = 延髓
Pons = 脑桥
Lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) = 外侧网状核
XII = 面神经
Obex = 栓、门
MSA = multiple system atrophy
SCA3 = spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
第六页，共三十九页。
Multiple Systems Atrophy vs. Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3
Patients with multiple systems atrophy present with central respiratory deficits but without swallowing problems
Pre-Bötzinger Complex neurons are reduced whereas ambigual motoneurons are preserved.
Patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 3 has no central respiratory deficits but with dysphagia,
Pre-Bötzinger Complex neurons are preserved, whereas ambigual motoneurons are diminished.
第七页，共三十九页。
Neural Mechanisms underlying the Generation of Rhythmic Respiration
Two Hypotheses
Oscillatory theory or the pacemaker hypothesis (起步细胞学说)
Network theory (神经网络学说)
第八页，共三十九页。
Oscillatory Theory
Pacemaker neurons generate the respiratory rhythm (Smith et al., Science, 1991).
第九页，共三十九页。
Neurons in pre-Bötzinger can Burst spontaneously
Regular firing induced by current injection in a hippocampal granule cell
Spontaneous bursting
In a rat pre-Bötzinger neuron
第十页，共三十九页。
Neurons in pre-Bötzinger can Burst spontaneously
Regular firing induced by current injection in a hippocampal granule cell
Spontaneous bursting
In a rat pre-Bötzinger neuron
第十一页，共三十九页。
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Basic respiratory center
(Medulla and pons)
Voluntary control
(Cerebrum)
Spinal motor neurons
Intercostals Diaphragm
&
accessory muscles
Muscles of respiration
Central
Chemoreceptors
Peripheral
Chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Stretch receptors
Irritant receptors
J Receptors
Muscle
propriocepto