文档介绍：第七讲:货物贸易规则第七讲:货物贸易规则第七讲:货物贸易规则与贸易便捷化相关的贸易管理协议与贸易便捷化相关的贸易管理协议?本讲的主要内容: –引入:贸易便捷性的含义与意义–第一节:海关估价协议–第二节:原产地规则协议–第三节:装船前检验协议–第四节:进口许可协议?引入:多边贸易体系中,贸易便捷化的含义? trade facilitation refers to r emoving obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (. simplification of customs procedures). ? Work on trade facilitation in the WTO has passed through several distinct stages. In this process, Members' focus shifted from a fairly broad prehensive approach to a more specific emphasis on customs and border- crossing procedures. ? The losses that businesses suffer through delays at borders, opaque and often redundant documentation requirements and lack of automation of government mandated trade procedures are estimated to exceed in many cases the costs of tariffs. ? Trade facilitation work in the area has been carried out anizations such as UNCTAD , UN ECE (now through UN/CEFACT) or the WCO for several decades. ? Specific elements connected with the simplification and harmonization of trade procedures are already contained in the WTO legal framework, ., in Articles V, VII, VIII, X of the GATT 1994 as well as that in Agreements on Customs Valuation, Import Licensing, Preshipment Inspection, Rules of Origin, Technical Barriers to Trade, and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. ? However, only the Singapore Ministerial Conference gave the WTO the mandate to take a more comprehensive look at trade facilitation. ? The 1996 Singapore ministerial conference instructed the WTO good council to start exploratory and analytical work “ on the simplification of trade procedures in order to assess the scope for WTO rules in this area ”. ? After several years of exploratory work, WTO Members formally agreed to launch negotiations on trade facilitation in July 2004, on the basis of modalities contained in Annex D of the so-called “ July package ”. ? Under this mandate, Members are directed to clarify an