文档介绍：序贯博弈和同时博弈的结合
Combining Sequential and
Simultaneous Moves
第6章
Chapter 6
序贯博弈和同时博弈的结合
Combining Sequential and
Simultaneous Moves
博弈类型概念分析技术
Game Type Concepts Techniques of
Analysis
纯粹序贯博弈反转均衡博弈树(扩展形式)
Purely Sequential- Rollback Game Trees
move games equilibrium (Extensive form)
纯粹同时博弈纳什均衡收益表(策略形式)
Purely Nash equilibrium Payoff tables
Simultaneous- (Strategic form)
move games
Slide 2
1
序贯博弈和同时博弈的结合
Combining Sequential and
Simultaneous Moves
在现实中,许多策略环境包含了这两种相互作
用的成分。
In reality, many strategic situations
contain elements of both types of
interaction.
而且,我们还可以使用扩展形式或策略形式分
析任何一种博弈(可以交叉使用)。
Also, we can use either extensive form
or strategic form for any type of game.
Slide 3
内容提要
Outline
兼具同时和序贯行动的博弈
Games with both simultaneous and
sequential moves
改变博弈中的行动顺序
Changing the order of moves in a game
!改变分析方法
Change in the method of analysis
*三人博弈
Three-player games
Slide 4
2
兼具同时和序贯行动的博弈
Games with Both Simultaneous and
Sequential Moves
典型的例子一般都是博弈者在一段比较长的时
间内相互作用。
The most obvious examples are those
between players over an extended
period of time.
这样的博弈是同时利用博弈树和反转,以及收
益表和纳什均衡的工具来分析的。
Such games are analyzed bing
the tools of trees and rollback, and
payoff tables and Nash Equilibrium.
Slide 5
兼具序贯和同时行动的一个两阶段博弈
A Two-stage bining Sequential
and Simultaneous Moves
有两个可能成为电信巨头的企业:C和G。
There’re two would-be giants, CrossTalk and
GlobeDialog.
每个企业都需要同时选择是否投资100亿以购置光纤网。
Each can choose whether to invest $10 billion in the
purchase of a work, simultaneously.
如果一个企业投资了而另一个没有,投资的企业需要确定其电信
服务的定价。
If one invests and the other does not, then the investor
has to make a pricing decision for its service.
如果两个企业都投了,那么他们的定价选择成为一个第二阶段的
同时博弈。
If both invest, then their pricing choices e a
second simultaneous-move game.
Slide 6
3
兼具序贯和同时行动的一个两阶段博弈
A Two-stage bining Sequential
and Simultaneous Moves
First stage: GLOBEDIALOG