文档介绍：非谓语动词——分词
第十六讲：非谓语动词——分词
教学重点：
掌握分词这一语法知识。了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势：
分词的考点依次为作状语，作定语，做宾补及表语。一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾：
感觉动词：hear, see, notice, watch, feel, find, leave
使役动词：make, let, have, get, keep
①现在分词和过去分词做宾补的区别
现在分词：与句子的宾语是主动关系，它表示动作的进行。
过去分词：与句子的宾语是被动关系，它表示动作的完成和结果。
I heard someone calling me.
（someone calling me = someone is calling me.）
I heard my name called.
（my name called = my name was called.）
We found the snake eating the eggs.
We found the eggs eaten by the snake.
②过去分词在动词have, get两词后面作宾语时，常常表示这个动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的，还有一种情况就是表示这是主语的经历。
You’d better have (get) the dangerous building pulled down.
你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒了。
How ofter do you have (get) your hair cut?
你每隔多久理一次发？
LiMing had his bike stolen.
李明的自行车被偷了。（是主语的一种经历，遭遇）
③重要的词组：make oneself done
make oneself understood = to make one’s meaning clear to others
make oneself heard
I can’t make myself understood because of my broken English.
I didn’t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall.
④现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别
形式
语态
内容
被动语态
现在分词
v + ing
与宾语是主动关系
动作正在进行还没有结束
没有变化
过去分词
v + ed
与宾语是被动关系
动作已经结束
没有变化
不定式
不带to，动词原形
与宾语是主动关系
动作发生了，全过程已结束
to要还原
例如：
Do you hear someone calling you?（现在分词）
（= Someone is calling you, do you hear?）
Yes, I did. I heard him call me several times.（不定式）
Oh, you mean you hear your name called several times.（过去分词）
（= Your name was called several times, do you hear?）
When he was decorating his house, he got the bedroom painted first.（过去分词作宾补）
当他装修他的房子时，他首先把卧室粉刷了。
When he was decorating his house, he had some workers paint his bedroom first.（不定式作宾补）
当他装修他的房子时，他首先让工人把卧室粉刷一新。
In order to finish it, he had the workers painting his bedroom all the day and night.
为了完成它，他让工人们从早一直干到晚。
注意：
<1>由省去to的不定式构成的符合宾语在变为被动语态时，要把原来省去的小品词to还原，但let这个词例外，被动语态时，to可还原，也可省略。
I watched the boy cross the street. → The boy was watched to cross the street.
The teacher let the students write the composition at class.
→The students were let (