文档介绍：You are what you eat?
Plants, food, and human health
Why we eat what we eat
Sensual / physiological reasons
Social beta linkage
glucose
sucrose
starch
cellulose
Not all carbohydrates are easily digested and assimilated
In your body, sucrose and some starches are converted into glucose
Mammals do not produce an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose, so it is not absorbed but passes through the gut undigested
Some animals carry cellulose-digesting bacteria in their gut, but we don’t
Some starches are not digested
Carbohydrate metabolism
Mikael Häggström
Every cell in your body uses glucose to produce energy (ATP). Excess glucose is stored as glycogen (short-term storage) or fat
Sugars fuel plant and animal cells
Cytoplasm
Glucose
Pyruvate
ATP
Plant cell
Animal cell
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Nucleus
Nucleus
Plant and animal cells contain mitochondria. Glucose fuels the formation of ATP, cellular energy, within the mitochondria
In the cytoplasm, glucose is converted to pyruvate, which enters the mitochondria and through the tricarboxylic acid cycle produces a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis
Some carbohydrates are soluble dietary fibers
Soluble or viscous fibers are physiologically active. They decrease uptake of fats and sugars from the intestine, and are fermented by intestinal bacteria into beneficial short-chain fatty acids (. butyrate)
Viscous fibers include gums, pectins and mucilages, and they can feel sticky or mucus like. The gel-like matrix they form is essential to their function in the intestine
inulin
Oats, okra and legume seeds are good sources of soluble fibre
Some carbohydrates are insoluble dietary fibers
Many insoluble dietary fibers are inert but nevertheless may be beneficial to intestinal health
Insoluble fibers include celluloses and