文档介绍：泌尿系统 Urinary System 山东大学医学院 position ? Two kidney - form urine 尿? Two ureter 输尿管- conduct urine from kidneys to bladder. ? Bladder - receives and stores urine. ? Urethra 尿道- conducts urine from bladder to exterior of body (discharged) ★ Kidney 肾 General features ? Bean shaped, reddish-brown organs ? Superior extremity - broad and thin ? Inferior extremity - narrow and thick ? Anterior surface - convex ? Posterior surface - flat ? Lateral border - convex left kidney:anterior posterior ? Medial border - concave – Renal hilum 肾门- a vertical slit 裂口 on the medial border of kidney, the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum are packaged by connective tissue ,called renal pedicle 肾蒂, including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis 肾盂, lymphatic vessels and nerves. – Order of structures in the renal pedicle from anterior to posterior - V. A. P.; from superior to inferior - A. V. P. ★ Kidney 肾– Renal sinus 肾窦- which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney, the rental sinus is occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calices 肾小盏, major renal calices 肾大盏, renal pelvis 肾盂 and some adipose tissue 脂肪组织. ★ Kidney 肾★ Renal structure ?⑴ Renal cortex 肾皮质– renal columns 肾柱?⑵ Renal medulla 肾髓质– Renal pyramids 肾锥体(15 ~20) – Renal papilla 肾乳头– Papillary foramina 乳头孔?⑶ renal sinus ? Minor renal calices (7 -8) 肾小盏? Major renal calices (2 ~3) 肾大盏? Renal pelvis 肾盂★ Coverings of kidney ? Fibrous capsule 纤维囊– A strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an that has been inflamed ★ Coverings of kidney ? Fatty renal capsule 脂肪囊– A thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule – It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring ? Renal fascia 肾筋膜– On outside, surrounds both the kidney and suprarenal gland – Holding ans in place ★ Position of Kidney ? Lie behind the peritoneum high up on the posterior abdominal wall o