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Unit 1 语法重点
非谓语动词:to do/doing
一、动词不定式
不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分,表示比较具 get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running.
(6) 做宾语补足语
① 带to的不定式做宾补
有相当数量的及物动词或短语可以接带to的不定式做宾补。例如:
I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
I will ask them to leave the company. I shall persuade him to take the medicine.
② 不带to的不定式做宾补
也有一些及物动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补,常见的有使役动词类:make, let, have;感官动词类:see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等。但在被动结构中要带to (let除外)。例如:
Someone saw him enter my room. ﻩHe was seen to enter my room.
The boy made the baby laugh. The baby was made to laugh
(7)“疑问词+不定式”相当于这些疑问代词和副词引导的名词性从句。常见引导该形式的动词有:decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, 在句子中可以做主语、宾语或表语。例如:
What to do next has not been decided. = What will do next has not been decided.
What worries me most is how to do it. = What worries me most is how we will do it.
I don’t know when to leave. = I don’t know when we will leave.
(10) 动词不定式的复合结构
① 不定式的复合结构做主语时,常见用两种特定句型: “It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.” 和 “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”。例:
It is easy for us to understand the sentence.
It is clever of you to do that.
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二、动名词
动名词是一种非谓语形式,起名词的作用,但带有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语,构成动名词短语。
(1) 做主语
① 动名词做主语表示比较抽象、习惯性和经常性的意义