文档介绍：运动系统解剖学
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Basic Concepts of Anatomy
Definition: human anatomy, the oldest science dealing，占***体重60%
骨起杠杆作用
关节是运动的枢纽
骨骼肌是动力器官
功能:
support 支持
Protection 保护
Locomotion 运动
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Introduction of the osteology 骨学总论
Bones in adult are 206 in number.
Classification of bone
Bones are classified according to their position and shape
The position can be:
skull 颅骨
bones of trunk 躯干骨
appendicular skeleton 四肢骨
Types of shape include:
long bone 长骨
short bone 短骨
flat bone 扁骨
irregular bone不规则骨
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Long bones (found in limbs):
Diaphysis or shaft 骨干,
which is hollow (called medullary cavity 骨髓腔), filled with bone marrow
Two ends－epiphysis 骺 articular surface 关节面, metaphysis干骺端, epiphysial cartilage 骺软骨, and epiphysial line 骺线
Short bones: cuboidal in shape, . carpal bones
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Flat bones: thin,
Irregular bones: have any irregular or mixed shape, . vertebrae, pneumatic bones含气骨
* Sesamoid bones籽骨: develop within tendon
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General structures of bone骨的构造
Bone substance 骨质
compact bone 骨密质
spongy bone 骨松质
呈海绵状，由trabeculae骨小梁构成
※In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate and inner plate外板和内板, while the layer of spongy bone is called the diploë 板障
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Periosteum 骨膜:
Outer or fibrous layer
Inner layer is vascular and provides the underlying bone with nutrition. It also contains osteoblasts(成骨细胞)
Endosteum骨内膜 is a single-cellular osteogenic layer lining the inner surface of bone.
Bone marrow 骨髓
Red marrow 红骨髓: haematopoietic 造血
Yellow marrow黄骨髓: fatty
第17页，共72页，编辑于2022年，星期三
Chemical composition and physical properties化学成分和物理性质
Organic material有机质：
主要是骨胶原纤维束和粘多糖蛋白。构成支架，赋予骨的弹性和韧性。
Inorganic salts无机质：
主要是碱性磷酸钙。赋予骨硬度和脆性
Organic material
Inorganic salts
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