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Community-oriented landscape design forsustainability inarchitecture and planning
development should not only focus on sustaining the physical
landscape resources, but it should also and perhaps most of all guarantee that the residents can participatein the landscape development [4]. Sustainability indicators for urban development should include moreparameters about public spaces and green open areas, as well as indexes reflecting citizens satisfactionand perception of their living environments [3]. This paper direct to the importance of urban parks for thewell being of the citizens and for the sustainability of the city they live in.
Literature Review
Community and Advantages of Participation
Concepts such as 'community' and (community participation ' have been intensively problematized inrecent decades in both developed and developing countries. Contexts are indeed different and varied [5].The word ' community' is an umbrella term that is defined and applied in a myriad of ways [6].
Citizen participation is, however, a lot more than just consulting people for the successful resolution ofsocial, cultural and economic issues related to environmental conflicts. The primary goal of participationis to give proper responsibility to people for, and control over, their lives [7]. The importance ofcommunity participation has been emphasized in the 5th Development Plan of Islamic Republic of Iranthat highlighted the necessity community-oriented approaches, especially in landscape architecture.
Participation in Process Design
Process Design
To produce an object-design and, as far as necessary, a realization design, one may want to design thedesign process itself. However, as in the realization process, in many cases already some kind of designprocess may be in place. Experienced individual architectural or engineering designers, or small teams ofthem, tend to use informal procedures for their design processes, which they have de