文档介绍：一、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况,或是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。 :真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性小或与事实相反,在这种非真实条件句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。具体形式和用法如下: 1)对现在情况的假设(表示与现在情况相反): if 从句的谓语动词用一般过去式( 若是 be ,则用 were) , 主句的谓语动词用 should/would/could/might +动词原形。① If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim. 如果天气好,他们就去游泳了。(事实上天气不好) ② If we had time now, we should(would)read it again. 要是现在有空的话,我们就把它再看一遍。( 事实上现在没空) 2)对过去情况的假设(表示与过去情况相反): if 从句的谓语动词用 had +过去分词,主句的谓语动词用 would/should/could/might + have +过去分词。① You should have laughed if you had seen him jump aside. 你要是看到他跳到一边的样子一定会大笑起来的。(实际上没有看到)② He wouldn't have been able to write such a good novel if he hadn't lived among the workers for so many years. 假如他不是和工人一起生活这么多年,他不可能写出这样好的小说。(实际上当时他和工人生活在一起了) 3)对将来情况的假设(表示将来实现的可能性不大): if从句中的谓语动词可以用三种形式,即 should do , were to do 和动词的过去式。主句中的谓语动词用 should/would/could/might +动词原形。① If you dropped the glass, it would break. 杯子掉下来会打碎的。(事实上还没掉下来) ② If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes. 要是有一天我上了月球,就能亲眼看到月球的表面是什么样子了。 4) 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有: without, but for, otherwise, or, but 等。① Without your help( = If we had not had your help), we could not have eeded. 要是没有你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。② But for electricity( = If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没电,就不会有现代工业。③ I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late. 我一路跑到学校,不然就迟到了。 : 1)在 wish 和 would rather 后的宾语从句中,意为“但愿……”;“希望……”;“……就好了”。其句型为: 主句主语+ wish/would rather + that +从句主语+ ① I wish I were rich. 但愿我很富有。② I wish I hadn't told him that. 要是我没告诉他那事就好了。③ He would rather he hadn't lent Tom money last week. 他宁愿自己上周没借给汤姆钱。 2) 在表“建议;命令” suggest , order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, mend 等动词后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气 should + do 的形式,其中 should 可省略。① I suggest we(should)set off right now. 我建议我们现在就出发。② He insisted that we(should)take up the matter at the me