文档介绍：Springer Series on
atomic, optical, and plasma physics 64
Springer Series on
atomic, optical, and plasma physics
The Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics covers in pre-
hensive manner theory and experiment in the entire field of atoms and molecules
and their interaction with ic radiation. Books in the series provide
arichsourceofnewideasandtechniqueswithwideapplicationsinfieldssuchas
chemistry, materials science, astrophysics, surface science, plasma technology, ad-
vanced optics, aeronomy, and engineering. Laser physics is a particular connecting
theme that has provided much of the continuing impetus for new developments
in the field. The purpose of the series is to cover the gap between standard under-
graduate textbooks and the research literature with emphasis on the fundamental
ideas, methods, techniques, and results in the field.
Please view available titles in Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics
on series homepage ies/411
Karl Blum
Density Matrix
Theory
and Applications
Third Edition
With
31
Figures
123
Professor Dr. Karl Blum
Universitat¨ Munster¨
Institut fur¨ Theoretische Physik
Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Munster,¨ Germany
E-mail: km-******@
Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics ISSN 1615-5653
ISBN 978-3-642-20560-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-20561-3
DOI -3-642-20561-3
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011942559
c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1981, 1996, 2012
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,
reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication
or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,
1965, in its current version, and