文档介绍：Lesson Eight Animal Development
acrosome reaction 顶体反应
That series of observable, structural changes undergone
by aual restriction of the
types of transcription that each cell can undertake.
progressive 渐进的 diversification 变化, 多样化
given 特定的, 假设的 result in 导致
continual 连续的, 频繁的 restriction 限制, 约束
transcription 转录
undertake 开始,采取
ectoderm 外胚层：胚胎最初三层胚层中的最外一
层，由此发育成为表皮、神经组织和脊椎动物的感
觉器官
The outermost of the germ layers of metazoan embryos.
It develops mainly into epidermal tissue, the nervous
system, sense organs, and(in lower forms) the nephridia.
germ layer 胚叶, 胚层 metazoan 多细胞动物
epidermal 表皮的,外皮的 nephridia 肾管
endoderm 内胚层
The innermost of the germ layers of metazoan
embryos.
innermost 最里面的
fertilization 受精
The joining of haploid nuclei, usually from an
egg and a sperm cell, resulting in a diploid cell
called the zygote.
gastrula 原肠胚：一种囊胚之后的胚胎，含
有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层，包围着通
过胚孔跟外界交流的原肠
The stage in the development of animal embryos
that follows the blastula and results from
gastrulation. The cells of a gastrula are
differentiated into the germ layers and the central
cavity opens to the exterior by the blastopore.
exterior 外部的, 表面的
blastopore 胚孔
gastrulation 原肠胚形成
The process in the animal embryo by which
a blastula is converted into a gastrula, with the
laying down of the germ layers.
blastula [发生学]囊胚 embryo 胚胎
lay down 内陷
gene amplification 基因扩增
A temporary dramatic increase in the numbers of
a particular gene in a genome during one
developmental period.
genome [生]基因组
dramatic 显著地, 生动的
mesoderm 中胚层：中间胚芽层，位于外胚层
和内胚层之间，最终发育成结缔组织、肌
肉、骨骼、泌尿系统及循环系统
The middle layer of the three germ layers of
triploblastic animal embryos. It develops into
cartilage, bone, muscle, blood, kidneys, and
gonads.
triploblastic 三胚层的 cartilage 软骨
kidney 肾 gonad 性腺, 生殖腺
metamorphosis 变态
The transformation from larval to adult form.
transformation 变化, 转化 larval 幼虫的
morphogenesis 形态发生：有机体或部分结构
的形