文档介绍：The subjunctive mood
虚拟语气
, 陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 定义:用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望,建议,假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
If+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were)
主语+should,would,
might,could+动词原形
与过去相反的假设
If+主语+had +过去分词
主语+should, would,might, could+have +过去分词
与将来相反的假设
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
主语+should, would, might, could+动词原形
If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.
如果我是你,我就会努力学****br/>如果我知道他的电话号码,我就给他打电话了.
如果明天下雨的话,我们会取消比赛.
If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.
If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.
If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:
1. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
如果你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了.
如果你努力学****的话,你现在就会是大学生了.
在条件句中,可省略 if,把were ,had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式.
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you e earlier, you would have met him.
Had e earlier, you would have met him.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式, Were it not for expense, I would go abroad now. 不可以说 Weren’t it for the expense,…
3、, without, but for 等。如:
What would you do with a million dollars
(=If you had a million dollars)?
We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help
(=if we hadn’t got your help).
But for the rain(=If it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work.
4、含蓄条件句。
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不是总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。
I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)
He telephoned to inform me of you birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.