文档介绍：国外动物学36-精选
What Is Behavior?
Behavior is what an animal does and how it does it.
Learning is also considered a behhe ways both genes and the environment influence the development of behavioral phenotypes.
Behavior that is developmentally fixed is called innate behavior and is under strong genetic influence.
Does not need to be practiced.
The Genetics of Behavior
Hereditary transmission of behavior is often complex.
Occasionally, a behavior will follow Mendelian rules.
The Genetics of Behavior
“Hygienic” bees uncap hive cells and remove rotting larvae.
Controlled by two genes.
Homozygous recessive individuals show the trait.
The Genetics of Behavior
Hybrids may show intermediate or confused behavior.
Each species of Agapornis has its own method of carrying nest-building material.
In the bill
Tucked into feathers on the back
Hybrids tried both, but performed both incorrectly.
Learning
Learning is the modification of behavior based on specific experiences.
Learned behaviors range from very simple to very complex.
Habituation
Habituation is a loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information.
If a noxious stimulus is applied, the animal becomes sensitized to the stimulus.
Imprinting
Imprinting is a type of behavior that includes both learning and innate components and is generally irreversible.
Imprinting
Imprinting is distinguished from other types of learning by a sensitive period – a limited phase in an animal’s development that is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned.
Imprinting
An example of imprinting is young geese following their mother.
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz showed that when baby geese spent the first few hours of their life with him, they imprinted on him as their parent.
Imprinting
Imprinting
Imprinting
Conservation biologists have taken advantage of imprinting in programs to save the whooping crane from extinction.
Imprinting
Young male wh