文档介绍：第一讲
荷马史诗
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1660年英译本《伊利亚特》封面
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西方作家论荷马史诗
荷马史诗含有“永久魅力”，是“一个规范和高不可及范本。” Christopher Marlowe
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特洛伊战争进行时间
按希罗多德推测，特洛伊战争进行年代约在公元前1250年左右。
依据Mor Pchum记载，希腊人攻陷特洛伊时间应在前1290—8年间。
近代一些学者将破城时间预计在前1370年左右。
希腊学者厄拉托塞奈斯 （Eratosthenes，生于前275年）考证和提法得到一批学人赞同——他定取是前1193—84年。
大致说来，西方学术界普通倾向于将特洛伊战争进行年代确定在公元前十三到十二世纪，即慕凯奈（或迈锡尼）王朝（前1600—11）后期。
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由《奥德赛》推断特洛伊战争时间
In , scientists Marcelo O. Magnasco and Constantino Baikouzis at Rockefeller University used clues in the text and astronomical data to attempt to pinpoint the time of Odysseus's return from his journey after the Trojan War.
The first clue is Odysseus's sighting of Venus just before dawn as he arrives on Ithaca. The second is a new moon on the night before the massacre of the suitors. The final clue is a total eclipse, falling over Ithaca around noon, when Penelope's suitors sit down for their noon meal. The seer Theoclymenus approaches the suitors and foretells their death, saying, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world." The problem with this is that the 'eclipse' is only seen by Theoclymenus, and the suitors toss him out, calling him mad. No-one else sees the sky darken, and it is therefore not actually described as an eclipse within the story, merely a vision by Theoclymenus.
Doctors Baikouzis and Magnasco state that "[t]he odds that purely fictional references to these phenomena (so hard to satisfy simultaneously) would coincide by accident with the only eclipse of the century are minute." They conclude that these three astronomical references "'cohere,' in the sense that the astronomical phenomena pinpoint the date of 16 April 1178 BC" as the most likely date of Odysseus' return.
This dating places the destruction of Troy, ten years before, to 1188 BC, which is close to the archaeologically dated destruction of Troy VIIa circa 1190 BC
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考古发觉：阿喀琉斯头盔？
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