文档介绍：Xenophon 1
Xenophon
Xenophon (/ˈzɛnəfən/; Greek: Ξενοφῶν, Xenophōn, Greek
pronunciation: [ksenopʰɔ̂ːn]; c. 430 – 354 BC), son of Gryllus, of the
deme Erchia of Athens, also known as Xenophon of Athens, was
a Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, and student of Socrates.
While not referred to as a philosopher by his contemporaries, his
status as such is recently a popular topic of debate. He is known
for writing about the history of his own times, the late 5th and
early 4th centuries BC, especially for his account of the final years
of the Peloponnesian War. His Hellenica, which recounts these
times, is considered to be the continuation of Thucydides’ The
Peloponnesian War. His youthful participation in the failed
campaign of Cyrus the Younger to claim the Persian throne
inspired him to write about the Persian empire and its history.
Despite his birth-association with Athens, Xenophon affiliated
himself with Sparta for most of his life. His pro-oligarchic views,
service under Spartan generals in the Persian campaign and
beyond, as well as his friendship with King Agesilaus II endeared
Xenophon to the Spartans, and them to him. A number of his
writings display his pro-Spartan bias and admiration, especially
Xenophon, Greek historian
Agesilaus and Constitution of Sparta. Other than Plato, Xenophon
is the foremost authority on Socrates, having learned under the
great philosopher while a young man. He greatly admired his teacher, and well after Socrates’ death in 399
Xenophon wrote several Socratic dialogues, including an Apology concerning the events of his trial and death.
Xenophon’s works cover a wide range of genres and are written in very plicated Attic Greek. Xenophon’s
works are among the first that many students of Ancient Greek translate on account of the straightforward and
inct nature of his prose. This sentiment was apparent even in ancient times, as Diogenes Laertius states in his
Lives of Eminent Phil