文档介绍：Chapter 7 Agreement on Safeguards 保障措施协议
Introduction 引言
保障措施是指，WTO成员方在进口激增并对国内相关产业造成严重损害或严重损害威胁时，采取的限制ative import restrictions or of duty increases to higher than bound rates.
保障措施形式：可以包括对进口货物实施数量限制，提高关税等形式
Conditions to Apply Safeguards
Article XIX, para. 1(a) of the GATT and Article 2 of Agreement on Safeguards
as a result of unforeseen developments and of the effect of the obligations incurred by a contracting party under this Agreement
不能预见的发展和一缔约方在本协定项下负担义务的影响
in such increased quantities
进口数量激增
to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers in that territory of like or directly competitive products
对该领土内同类产品或直接竞争产品的国内生产者造成严重损害或严重损害威胁
In Such Increased Quantities（进口数量激增）
Article : “increased quantities, absolute or relative to domestic production”
Absolute increase
2005: 30 thousands in imports
2006: 40 thousands in imports
Relative increase
Eeven no increase in absolute terms however imports had “increased relative to domestic production”
2005 2006
Import 10 thousands Import 10 thousands
Domestic 30 thousands Domestic 20 thousands
Unforseen Development (不可遇见的发展）
Not defined in GATT 1994 or SA Agreement
In Hatter‘s Fur Case（皮帽案）, Panel: “development...which it would not be reasonable to expect that negotiators...could and should have foreseen”
在1950年捷克诉美国的“皮帽案”对“不可预见的发展”作出解释：“是指在关税减让谈判后出现的情况发展，并且要求作出关税减让的国家的谈判代表在谈判时无法合理预见到这种情况的发展。
Serious Injury
a significant overall impairment (总体上重大损害）in the position of a domestic industry
Threat of Serious Injury
‧clearly imminent
‧based on facts and not merely on
allegation, conjecture or remote
Possibility
Domestic Industry
the producers as a whole of the like or directly competitive products , or whose collective output of the like or directly competitive products constitutes a major proportion of the total domestic productio