文档介绍：第二章植物化学物(Phytochemicals)
Yan Zhao (Associate Prof.)
Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene
Harbin Medical University
Outlines
Definition 定义
Classification 分类
Physiological effects 生物学作用
Epidemiological evidence for the protective effects 健康保护作用的流行病学证据
Definition:Phytochemicals exist in plant food and are ponents of secondary metabolites (excluding vitamins).
在植物性食品中存在,是植物次级代谢产物中除传统营养素(不含维生素)以外的活性物质。
○植物的次级代谢产物(Secondary metabolites)
○植物的初级代谢产物(Primary metabolites)
They mainly contribute to energy metabolism and to the structure of the plant cell. 除次级代谢产物外,还存在植物初级代谢产物,其主要作用是进行植物细胞的能量代谢和结构重建。
植物次级代谢产物对植物本身而言具有多种功能
从化学上讲,次级代谢产物种类众多
从数量上讲,与初级代谢产物相比又微乎其微
Phytochemicals
Biological effects
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Carotenoids
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Phytosterols
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Saponins
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Glucosinolates
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Polyphenols
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Protease-inhibitors
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Monoterpenes
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Phyto-oestrogens
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Sulphides
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Phytic acid
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Table1 Classification of phytochemicals and their main effects
A = anticarcinogenic
D = antithrombotic
G = influence of blood pressure
J = digestive-promoting
B = antimicrobial
E = immunomodulatory
H = cholesterol lowering effect
C = antioxidative
F = inhibition of inflammation
I = influence of blood glucose
Carotenoids 类胡萝卜素
Carotenoids are widespread secondary plant metabolites in fruits and vegetables. One of their main functions is to provide the red and yellow color to the plant.
类胡萝卜素是水果和蔬菜中广泛存在的植物次级代谢产物,它们的主要功能之一是使植物显示出红色或黄色。
无氧型(oxygen-free):包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素,人血清中β-胡萝卜素占总类胡萝卜素含量的15%~30%,热稳定型
含氧型(oxygen-containing) :叶黄素(如黄体素、玉米黄素、β-隐黄素)少量存在,热敏感型
Phytosterols are mainly found in plant seeds and oils.
植物固醇主要存在于植物的种籽及其油料中,如β-谷固醇(β-sitosterol)、豆固醇(stigmasterol)、菜油固醇(campesterol)
人每日从膳食中摄入的植物固醇为150~400mg,但人体能吸收的只占5%左右。早在上个世纪中叶人们就发现植物固醇有降低胆固醇的作用,其作用机制主要是抑制胆固醇的吸收。
Phytosterols 植物固醇
皂甙为萜类同系物(称为皂甙元)与糖缩合形成的一类化合物。
大豆皂甙可消除自由基,具有抗氧化和降低过氧化脂质的作用;可降低血中胆固醇和甘油三脂;抑制肿瘤细胞生长;具有抗血栓