文档介绍:- 8 -
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Part 1 Paragraph Development by Listing
一、授课时间:-
二、授课类型:理论课
三、授课题目:Paragrapaphs are not effective or cannot be best followed by readers. Chinese students, when writing in English, tend to focus all their attention on expressing ideas, and thus ignore the arrangement of the ideas.
For example:
Teachers of foreign languages should be extremely well-qualified in order to carry out their duties properly. Interest in teaching, social skills to deal with all kinds of students, mastery of modern audio-lingual techniques and competence in the target language are four basic requirements of language teachers…
If the paragraph goes on from this topic sentence, the paragraph will not be quite effective as the supporting ideas are not arranged in an effective order. “competence in the target language” is the most important idea among the four; therefore, it should be placed first. When the idea to be developed are placed in order of importance, the argument will be stronger.
The second point we should pay attention to when we develop a listing paragraph is the correct use of listing expressions. Figure 1 shows the possible expressions used for listing.
Figure 1 possible expressions for listing
The first point
Other points
The last point
First,
Firstly,
First of all,
To begin with,
Primarily,
Initially,
For one thing
Second,
Secondly,
Next,
The next…
Then,
Moreover,
Furthermore,
In addition,
For the other,
Another,
The other,
More importantly
Last,
The last…
Lastly,
In the end,
Finally,
The final…
Most importantly
When we use these expressions, we should follow these rules:
1. Don’t mix sets of listing expressions
Chinese writers tend to mix sets of expressions used for listing. It is not good style to do so. Be consistent when using the following two basic sets of expressions used for listing:
First      firstly       firstly
Secondly       second secondly
Thirdly