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深化领悟非谓语动词
非谓语动词在英语里是一项重要的语言表现形式,它与汉语动词的使用方法****惯很不一样,是不少中国同学简洁混淆出错的学问力气要点。
非谓语动词有四个特出的特点：
一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句,不存在规律主谓关系,只存在动宾关系。因此不能用“Seeing",而只能用"Seen from the mountain , ..." 被动的形式来表示。或用独立主格：“Anybody seeing it from the mountain ,the city looks very beautiful."又比如“听到这个消息,她的眼泪流出来了。”“眼泪”不会“听”,不存在规律主谓关系,因此不能象中文一样直译：Hearing the news,her tears came along her check.
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应当说：Hearing the news ,she had tears coming along her check.
2,非谓语动词不需要because,as,if,when,while 等连词,但它却已经含有连词的意思。象 Because not having prepared my lesson,I can't answer the ,应删去Because。
反之,如不用非谓语而用从句,那表示缘由,条件,时间,伴随,目的的从句前又必需有连词。而中文却是可以省连词的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康。”“喝牛奶呛着了”都可以加用连词也可以不用连词。因此中国同学往往把表示缘由,条件,时间,伴随的从句不用连词,不用句号,却要与主句并列在一起,毁灭“少连词混淆主次”的错误,如：I am poor, I can't buy the house. "I am poor"明显与后面的句子有规律因果关系,应加连词Since或变成“Being poor,I can't buy the the house.
有时中国同学又会犯两个分句都用连词的错误,如：“由于我病了,所以今日我不能上学”译成：Because I am ill, so I can't go to school ,从属地位的从句,如两个分句象中文一样都用连词,那就没有表示句子主要意思的主句了。这便是“多连词导致无主句”错误。同理,如非谓语动词短语后的句子用连词,也等于犯了“无主句”的错误。
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用非谓语动词翻译下列句子：
1. 我钱不够,不能买这房子。
money is short , I can't buy the house.
B. I'm short of money , I can't buy the house.
C. Being short of money , I can't buy the house.
of money , I can't buy the house.
2,我比你强,我会跑得比你快。
'm stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
being weaker than I, so I can run faster than you.
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3,你见到他就叫他到这来吧。
a. If you see him ,ask him come here please.
you see him and ask him to come here please.
seeing him ,ask him to come here please.
him , you ask him to come here please
4,有空你来帮帮我吧。
have time and you come to help me.
have time you come to help me.
you have time and you come to help me please.
d. having time , you should come to help me.