文档介绍：现在完成时态是中考的必考时态,由于现在完成时态既涉及到过去,又联系到现在, 和一般过去时态,一般现在时态,现在进行时态既有联系,又有区别,所以同学们掌握起来比较困难。① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work. ④ I’ve just lost my math book. 助动词 have ( has ) + 动词的过去分词注: has 用于第三人称单数, have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同,不规则变化则须单独记忆。 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just , already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。 ,持续到现在, 也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如 for 、 since 等引导的时间状语。(注意:句中谓语动词要用延续性动词) 一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: + 一段时间 for a year for two weeks 过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home. 注意:for 和 since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间. He has been away since last week. He has been away for one week . 对划线部分提问都用 How long Since 一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语, 常用现在完成时;如果有,则只能用一般过去时。如: I have visited the factory. I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year. I visited the factory last year. 二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗(句首无疑问词),常用现在完成时;但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时(句首有疑问词)就要用一般过去时。如: - - Have you had your breakfast? Have you had your breakfast? - - Yes, I have. Yes, I have. - - When did you have it? When did you have it? - - At seven thirty. At seven thirty. 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在,最好选用延续性动词,并使用现在完成时;如果是瞬间动词,则用一般过去时。如: He has been a league member for two months. He has been a league member for two months. He joined the Youth League two months ago. He joined the Youth League two months ago. 注意: 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如: How many words have you learned by heart? How many words have you learned by heart? How did you learn them by heart? How did you learn them by heart? 一般一般过过去去时时与与现现在完成在完成时时之比之比较较?1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情, 强调动作,和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况。?2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。?◎一般过去时的时间状语有: yesterday, last week ,… ago, in1980, in October, just now, 等具体的时间状语。?◎共同的时间状语有: this morning, ton