文档介绍:非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语;动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语
形式
主动
被动
to do4、常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。/The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.(过去分词做表语)
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被动语态)
He is well educated.(v-ed做表语)/ He has been educated in this college for three years.(被动语态)
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:
used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:
interest(使…感兴趣),surprise(使…吃惊),frighten(使…害怕),excite(使…兴奋),tire(使…疲劳),please(使…满意),puzzle(使…迷惑不解),satisfy(使…满意),amuse(使…娱乐),disappoint(使…失望),inspire(使…欢欣鼓舞),worry(使…忧虑)它们的现在分词常修饰物(有时修饰人),表示主动,过去分词常修饰人,表示被动(包括某人的look、voice等即音容笑貌)。例如:
Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。/They are very tired. 他们很疲劳
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
三、不定式与动名词做宾语:
1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语:
want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, dela