文档介绍：初中英语复习专辑(1)——名词
名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点:
1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语
eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C]
A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many
There is some_______ on the plate. [B]
A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化:
man—men ; woman—women ;child—children
policeman—policemen
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1)s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读[iz]
2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s
eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz]
3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]
eg. knives [naivz]
4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]
5)一般加s 浊就浊[z]
eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz]
但注意以下几点:
① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes
②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese
③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
man doctor — men doctors
④ reef—reefs
⑤“某国人”的复数:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans
⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.
3、名词所有格:名词’s (意思是“……的”)
,一般在后加“’s”但注意:
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
2)以s结尾的词只加“’”
eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg. the leg of the desk
4)双重所有格:a friend of my father’s
a friend of mine ( √) a friend of my( × )
初中英语复习专辑(2)——冠词
1、不定冠词a, an
a用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a book
a useful book a “u”
[ju:sful] [ju:]
an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an apple
an hour an “F”
[au] [ef]
2、定冠词the
1)特指某人/某物
The book on the desk is mine.
2)世上独一无二的事物前
the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky
3)形、副最高级及序数词前
The third boy is the tallest of all.
(但当这些词前已有其他限定词,如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时,则不能再用the)
He is my first English teacher.
4)the + 姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇
3、不用冠词的几种情况:
1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词
2)学科名词前
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