文档介绍：倒装&前置
倒装
通常,句子的主语位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序(Normal Order)。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前,这种语序就被称作倒装语序(Inverted Order)。倒装语序有两种:全部倒装,即将整个谓语置于主语之前;部分倒装,即只将谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)移到主语前面。还有一种情况,就是句子的主谓顺序没有改变,但是句子中某一成分提前了(通常是宾语、表语或状语),这种情况通常被称为前置。例如:
In one corner of the room stands(谓语) a bookcase(主语). (全部倒装)
Never before have(谓语) I (主语)heard(谓语) such a thing. (部分倒装)
What lovely weather(表语) it(主语) is(动词)! (表语前置)

由于语法结构的需要进行倒装
1)疑问句中的倒装
Is she in favor of the plan or against it?
How long have you been learning English?
注意:如特殊疑问句的疑问词提问的是主语,则仍用正常语序。
Who beat Tom yesterday?
Which bike is yours?
2)there be (或there+其它连系动词)的倒装
There are a lot of people in the hall.
There stands a weather station at the top of the hill.
3)省略if的虚拟条件句中的倒装(参见“虚拟语气”部分)
Had they been given more help, they would have eeded.
Were it fine tomorrow, we would go on a ic.
4)在here, there, now, then引导的句子中,谓语是be, come, go等动词时的倒装。这类句子大都带有引起注意的含义。
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
es your turn.
Then came the order to take off. 起飞的命令来了。
注意,如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装,比较:
[1] es the postman.
There es.
[2] Here are the books you want.
Here they are.
5)在so, nor, neither开头的句子中的倒装
I went to see a movie last night. So did my sister and brother.
Tom doesn’t like bananas. Nor does his wife.
If you won’t go, neither will I.
6)语法上要求的前置
a) 在感叹句中的前置
How beautiful this dress is! (表语前置)
What a lovely picture he has painted! (宾语前置)
b) 在“the more…, the more…”结构中的前置
The sooner you give up smoking (状语前置), the healthier you will e (表语前置).
The more books one reads (宾语前置), the more knowledge he has (宾语前置).
c) 在疑问词或连接词whether等引导的从句中的前置
I don’t know who he is.
(宾语从句中的表语前置)
Whatever advice you may offer, it will be of value to us.
(状语从句中的宾语前置)
You can hardly imagine how fast he drives.
(宾语从句中状语前置)
What books he wants is not clear.
(主语从句中宾语前置)

修辞倒装,即由于修辞需要而产生的倒装
1)当“only+状语”用于句首表示强调时,要用倒装;如果不在句首,则用正常语序。
[1] Only in this way can you solve this problem. (倒装)
You can solve this problem only in this way.