文档介绍：构词法&重音规则 Word-building & Stress of Medical Terminology
医学英语快速记忆-构词法
Why should we study word-building?
-enlarge vocabulary
-memorize words through association
-analyze /guess the meaning of an unfamiliar words
Such as: if we know the meaning of the word root: anthropo-[man], we can guess the meaning of the following words:
anthropolgy(人类学)、anthropid(类人的)、anthropologist(人类学家)、anthropolgical(人类学的)、philanthropist(慈善家)、misanthropist(厌世者).
The mon word-formation methods
(1)转化法conversion 转化法就是把一个词从一种词类转成另一种词类(word class->another word class)。
:black a.(黑)→to blacken v.(使黑),这种转化被称为缀后(affixation)或派生(derivation)。
可以用改变词根的元音或辅音的方法(change vowel or consonant of root)
eg.:
hot a.(热)→to heat v.(热)、
full a.(满)→to fill v.(装满)、
whole a.(健康)→to heal v.(医治)、blood n.(血)→to bleed v.(出血)等,这叫做元级派生(primary derivation)。
也可以不改变词本身的拼法(spelling),转成其它词类,
eg.:
gangrene n.(坏疽)→gangrene v.(使生疽),
image n.(影像)→image v.(作图像)sample n.(样品)→sample v.(取样),
这些就属于转化(conversion)了。除此之外,还可以有种种的词类转化。
(2)position)合成法就是把两个以上的词、pound word)。
:
three year-old(三周岁的)、
up-to-date(最新式的)、
up-to-the-minute(非常时髦的)、
peace-keeping(维持和平的)、
gas-forming (产气)、
giant-cell(巨细胞)、
group-specific(类属特异性的)
(3)缀后法(affixation)缀后法指在词上附加前缀或后缀,构成新词(add prefix or suffix to a work to form a new word)。
Eg. The derivatives of “care”(n & v.) include the following:
careful a.→care n.+-ful (a. suf)、
carefully adv.→careful a.+-ly (adv. suf)、carefulness n.→careful a.+-ness (),
:动词connect 的派生词有:
disconnect v.→dis-+con-nect n.( 使分开)、
connective a.→connect v.+-jve(有连接作用的)connection n.→connect v.+ -ion(连接)。
Stress Rule of Medical Terminology(医学术语重音规则)
Medical terminology is characterized by large vocabulary, complex structure, long words, which often terrified the learners. Learners often pronounce the words wrongly.
Such as to pronounce hepatic [hi]误读成[],将gastroscopy[gstrskpi]误读成[],等。
In fact, more than 90% of the terminology in fields of anatomy, surgery, clinical medicine and inspectio