文档介绍：咳嗷与咳疫
(Cough & Expectoration)
■原南京中大附属医院神内科主任、硕士生导师
.佛山大学医学院医学系孟红旗教授、主任医师
■ Professor> Doctor director、Neurologist
of respiratory tract
4. tumor of respiratory tract
Pleural Disease
Such as:
■ pleurisy, thoracic effusion
■ pleural biopsy or pleuracentisis
Cardiovascular Disease
■ Mitral stenosis — left heart failure — pulmonary edema --- trausudate or exudate —stimulates intra-thoracic-cough receptor --cough
■ Embolism of pulmonary can cause pulmonary venous pressure elevate --pulmonary edema —transudate or exudate —stimulates intra thoracic cough receptor --cough
Central nerve system
■ Inflammatory of CNScan cause coughing
■ such as: encephalitis and meningitis
病因
1 .呼吸道疾病：炎症，异物，刺激性气体吸入，肿瘤，出血等一刺激咽喉或支气管粘膜一咳嗽反射。
2. 胸膜疾病：胸膜病变（炎症刺激）一咳嗽
3. 心脏疾病：心功能不全一肺淤血、肺水肿一肺泡内或支气管内浆液或浆液血性渗出刺激一咳嗽
4. 中枢性因素：冲动从大脑皮层发出一刺激延髓咳嗽中枢一引起咳嗽
Manifestation
■ Character of cough
■ The duration and pattern of cough
■ The tone quality of cough
■ The character and volume of sputum
Character of cough
■ Cough without sputum—unproductive or dry cough mainly in the patient of acute pharyngitis, early stage of bronchitis,pleurisy and TB.
■ Cough with sputum is called productive .
It is caused by pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess and cavitious TB
临床表现及其意义
■ ：
■ (1)干性咳嗽：指咳嗽时无痰或痰量甚少，可见于急性咽喉炎、支气管炎、早期肺结核等。
. (2)湿性咳嗽：指咳嗽时伴有痰液
(气管渗岀物)，可见于肺炎、慢性支气管炎、肺结核等。
The duration and pattern of cough
■ Cough initiated（开始）suddenly — acute upper airway infection
■ Chronic cough — chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and TB
■ Paroxysmal cough — whooping cough, bronchi compressed by tumor and TB
The duration and pattern of cough
■ Periodic cough — chronic bronchitis bronchiectasis related to the change of body position.
■ Nocturnal cough—asthma, TB,chronic heart failure-associated with the vagal excitation at night.
I 临床表现及其意义
・：
-(1)骤起咳嗽：(刺激性气体、异物或上呼吸道急性炎症等)
■ (2)慢性咳嗽：慢支炎、支扩等
■ (3)发作性咳嗽：(百日咳、肿瘤等)
■ (4)夜间咳嗽：慢性心衰、肺结核等
■ (5)清晨或体位改变时咳嗽等：慢支炎、支扩、肺脓肿等
The to