文档介绍：眩晕
首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科
鞠奕
耳的解剖
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耳的解剖结构分为三部分:
外耳
中耳
内耳
Figure
外耳:
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仅与听觉相关
外耳的结构
耳廓
外听道
Figure
外听道:
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位于颞骨内狭窄的管腔
与皮肤相连
耵聍腺体所在
终点位于鼓膜
中耳或称鼓室
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颞骨内充满气体的空腔
仅与听觉相关
两个开口
中耳或鼓室
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与内耳相关的两个管道:
开口于听道,被鼓室膜覆盖
咽鼓管将中耳与咽部连接
在打哈欠和吞咽时缓解压力
这个管在其他时候是塌陷的
鼓室的骨性结构
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鼓室内有三块小骨
锤骨
砧骨
蹬骨
Figure
鼓室的骨性结构
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震动觉从鼓膜传向锤骨-砧骨-蹬骨
这三块小骨将声音传向内耳
Figure
内耳(骨迷路和膜迷路)
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既是听觉器官又是平衡器官
骨迷路
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颞骨内的骨性组织:
耳蜗
前庭
骨性半规管