文档介绍：Dementia 痴呆
What is denmentia ?
Dementia refers to an acquired,genneralized,persisting and often progressive impairmDementia 痴呆
What is denmentia ?
Dementia refers to an acquired,genneralized,persisting and often progressive impairment of intelligence that affects the content,but not the level,of conciousness.
Age: 60 1%
85 40%
But dementia is not aging.
Diseases that can cause dementia
Degenerative disease:Alzheimer’disease
Nondegenerative disease:vascular dementia
Alzhemier’disease(AD)
The most frequent cause of dementia
described by Alzhemier in 1907
more female than male
familial AD :autosomal dominant inheritance
Etiology and pathogenesis
The cause of Alzheimer's Disease is not fully understood. It is believed there may be genetic (hereditary) factors involved.(APP,PS1,PS2,ApoE)
With the disease, there is a striking deficiency of a substance called acetylcholine in the brain.(ChAT) Acetylcholine is required for the normal functioning of the brain cells and, as levels of the chemical decrease, plaques form creating bundles of fibers (neurofibrillary tangles).
Environmental factors may also have an influence on the progress of the disease, but the extent of this is not fully known.
Pathology
Senile plaques:characteristic change
neurofibrilary tangles,NFTs
granulovacuolar degeneration
loss of neuron
crebral amyloid angiopathy
Clinical findings
Memory impairment:
impairment of recent memory is typically the first sign of Alzheimer’s disease----often noticed only by family members.
progress gradually.
Clinivcal findings
Cognitive impairment:
aphasia
disorientation to time , place,visuospatial,lost easy.
acaculia
apraxia
unable to learn,work,social activity
Clinical findings
Psychiatric symptoms:
depression,apathy
delirium,euphoria
paranoia
hallucinations,delusion
insomnia