《计算机专业英语》.ppt

文档介绍：计算机专业英语
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计算机专业英语
本课程知识结构
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第1篇基础篇
Chapter 1 Architecture puter Systems
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Any discussion puter architectures,of puters puter systems anized,designed,and implemented,will inevitably make reference to the “von Neumann architecture” as a basis parison,because virtually every puter ever built has been rooted in this architecture.[1]
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第1篇基础篇
We have strong intuitive feelings about the “von Neumann architecture”, because this is what we have always is “the puters work”.prehend puter designers conceive,or to appreciate what new choices must be found,it is necessary to have a definitive understanding of what the von Neumann architecture is and is not and what its implications are.
The von Neumann architecture based on three ideas:four subsystems,stored program concept and sequential execution of instructions.[2]
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Four Subsystems
According to Von Neumann’s preliminary discussion,the generalputing machine contains four main “organs”.These are identified as relating to arithmetic,memory,control,and connection with the human other words,they are the arithmetic logic unit,the control unit, the memory,and the inputoutput devices that we see in the classical model of what puter “looks like”. The control unit(CU),arithmetic logic unit(ALU) and register constitute the central processing unit(CPU)
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Stored Program Concept
To Von Neumann,the key to building a generalpurpose device lies in its ability to store not only its data and the intermediate results putation,but also to store the instructions,or orders, which bring about putation.[3]In a generalpurpose one, the instructions must be as changeable as the numbers they acted upon. Therefore, why not encode the instructions into numeric form and store instructions and data in the same memory? Von Neumann proposes that programs and data should be stored in the same binarynumber format in the memory device.[4]
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Usually,this is viewed as the princi