文档介绍：: .
Operations Managin Performance
(Continued) 测量供应链绩效的例题（续）
Inventory Turnover
= Cost of goods sold/Average aggregate inventory value
= $160/$35
=
库存周转率 = 售出商品的成本 / 平均库存总值 = 160 / 35 =
Since the company is used to an inventory turnover of 10, a drop
to means that the inventory is not turning over as quickly
as it had in the past. Without knowing the industry average of
turns for this company it is not possible to comment on how
they are competitively doing in the industry.
由于该公司的库存周转率往年是10 , , 则意味着
它的库存周转没有以往那么快。如果不知道这家公司所在行业的
平均周转率，是不可能评论它在行业中有多少竞争力的。Bullwhip Effect 长鞭效应
The magnification of variability in orders in the supply-chain.
供应链中订货量变化的放大过程
Retailer’s Orders Wholesaler’s Orders Manufacturer’s Orders
零售商订单 批发商订单 制造商订单
订货量
Order Quantity
Order Quantity Order Quantity
Time时间 Time Time
A lot of retailers …can lead to …can lead to even
each with little greater variability for greater variability
variability in their a fewer number of for a single
orders…. wholesalers, and… manufacturer.
每当许多零售商的订 会导致少数批发商的订货 会导致个别制造商的订
货量发生少许变化时 量发生较大的变化，而且 货量发生更大的变化Matching Supply-Chains with
Products 供应链与产品的匹配
Functional Products Innovative Products
功能型产品 革新型产品
Efficient Supply-Chain Match Mismatch
效率型供应链 匹配 失配
Responsive Supply-Chain
Match
反应式供应链 Mismatch
失配 匹配What is Outsourcing? Defined
外源（外包） 定义
Outsourcing is defined as the act of moving a