文档介绍：功能材料双语-电功能材料
Definition:materialswithspecialelectricalpropertiesorelectromericeffect(电性效应).
Semiconductor
materials
S功能材料双语-电功能材料
Definition:materialswithspecialelectricalpropertiesorelectromericeffect(电性效应).
Semiconductor
materials
Superconducting
materials
Conductive
materials
ElectricalFunctionalMaterials
classificationofelectricalfunctionalmaterials
basedontheconductivemechanism:electronconductionmaterialandionicconductionmaterial.
electronconductionmaterial:semiconductor,conductorandsuperconductor:
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
conductivityσS/m
insulator
semiconductor
conductor
superconductor:σ→∞
themovementofanionfromonesitetoanotherthroughdefectsinthecrystallatticeofasolidoraqueoussolution,
sotheconductivityissmallerbecausethetravellingspeedofionisslowerthanelectron,
theconductivityisnomorethan102S/m,andusuallysmallerthan100S/m
ionicconductionmaterial
(1)~108S/m;
sliver(×107S/m)、copper(×107S/m)
aluminum(×107S/m)
(2)~107S/m;
brass黄铜(×107S/m),nichrome镍铬合金(×105S/m)
(3)~108S/m.
graphite石墨(×106S/m).
crystalstructureofgraphite
applicationsofconductors
metals:cable,electricalmachine,radiationshielding,battery,switch,sensor,informationtransmission,contactmaterial,etc,
alloys:mainlyusedforresistancematerialand thermocouplematerial,forexampleplatinum-rhodiumplatinumthermocouple(铂铑铂热电偶)
inorganicnonmetallic:corrosionresistantconductorsandconductivefiller(导电填料).
SuperconductivitywasdiscoveredonApril 8,1911byDutchphysicist HeikeKamerlinghOnnes ,whowasstudyingtheresistanceofsolidmercury(***)atcryogenictemperatures(冷冻温度)usingtherecentlyproducedliquidhelium(液氦),heobservedthattheresistanceabruptlydisappeared .
Theprecisedateandcircumstancesofthediscoverywereonlyreconstructedacenturylater,whenOnnes'snotebookwasfound.
Definition