文档介绍：外文原文:
Intraoperative Robotics for the
Practice of Surgery:
A Surgeon's Perspective
Alim Louis Benabid and Wieslaw Nowinski
INTRODUCTION
Since its inception, neurosurgery has continually distinguished itself as the most innovative field among surgical specialties, possibly secondary to the inherently innovative nature of an system it serves. Driven by changes in patient needs, technological advances, and significant progress in our understanding of the neurosciences, neurosurgery has maintained an ever-changing face to the extent that, at times, even those within the field find it difficult to recognize. As with rapid change in any aspect of life, a wide array of attitudes are elicited. Denial of progress, and tenacity toward that which is familiar, is certainly the safest, easiest response and, rhinencephalically speaking, may be the most physiological attitude manifested. Arising from the temporal lobe, disbelief and disorientation are also frequently encountered responses to change. These attitudes, however, are often e through the acquisition of knowledge and experience. The frontal lobes are responsible for balancing inhibition with disinhibition. They serve as the source of curiosity housing the motor cortex necessary to engage in exploratory behavior, the planning areas to evaluate risk-bearing trials, and the sanctuary plex decision making. Because of the frontal lobes, we move forward down a path toward invention, trial, and ultimately, final design.
The history of surgical tools follows a similar path and is far from being perfected. The introduction of novel tools into the operating room through the form puter informatics, online radiology review, and intraoperative imaging has revolutionized both the design and the ambience of the operating room. This, however, is only the beginning. Progress is more than the simple acquisition of vast amounts of highly sophisticated equipment and the teams of specialists required to operate it. The entire concept