文档介绍：取得英语语法成功的基石
句子成分
词类
作用
例词
1. (n.)名词
表示人或事物的名称。
I bought a book .
She is a student.
2. (pron.)代词
代替名词、数词等。
This is my friend.
He likes that book because it is very useful to him.
Parts of Speach
3. (adj.)
形容词
表示人或事物的特征或性状。
He is small but he is clever.
The red pen is useful for the teacher.
He painted the wall white yesterday.
4. (num.)数词
表示数目或顺序。
There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.
5. (v.)动词
表示动作或状态。
We are working hard at English.
I want to e an engineer.
6. (adv.)副词
表示动作的特征或性状特征。
I like English very much.
The teacher treats us kindly .
The train goes fast.
He es to see us.
7. (prep.)介词
表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。
He usually stay at home on Sundays.
8. (conj.)连词
连接词与词或句与句的作用。
He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.
Two or three of us can dance well but I can’t .
9. (interj.)感叹词
表示强烈的感情
Oh ! How beautiful the scene is!
What a good idea! Goodness !
10. (art.)冠词
用来限制名词的意义
I have a pet dog .
The dog is very lovely.
He is an old man but very strong.
Sentence elements
谓语
(v)
定语
(Attr)
主语
(s)
宾语
(Oi,Od)
状语
(Ad)
补语
(Cs, Co)
主语
谓语
Vt
Link verb
Vi
宾语
宾语+
宾补
表语
+宾语(直)
宾语(间)
Revision
表语
(P)
What make up a sentence?
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。
1、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一句的主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。
2、谓语:它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如 I study English中的 :及物动词或及物动词短语。
3、宾语:它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的,如 I study English 中的English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中的his spare ,叫做介词的宾语,如He went away with no words中的no :名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。
一、句子的成分
4、表语:它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的,如 That sounds a good idea中的a good :名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。
5、定语:它是限定名词或代词用的,作定语的有:名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句,若是词则多作前置定语,若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.
6、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修饰much,而much 又修饰like。作状语的有:副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)、名词