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and
Machine Theory
Mechanism and Machine Theory 43 (2008) 459–479
ate/mechmt
Transient dynamics of metal V-belt CVT: Effects of band
pack slip and friction characteristic
Nilabh Srivastava *, Imtiaz Haque
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, 106 EIB, Flour Daniel Building, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Received 17 September 2006; accepted 5 April 2007
Available online 11 June 2007
Abstract
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) offers a continuum of gear ratios between desired limits. The present
research reports a detailed continuous one-dimensional transient-dynamic model of a metal V-belt CVT that accurately
captures the various transient dynamic interactions occurring in the CVT system. Since a sundry of models mentioned
in the literature ignore the influence of slip between the band pack and the belt element on the CVT performance, a unique
model is outlined in this paper that aptly captures the slip-dynamics between the band-pack and the belt element. A con-
siderable amount of effort in this paper is also dedicated towards modeling the inertial coupling between the belt and the
pulley and studying its influence on the dynamic performance of a CVT. A metal V-belt CVT falls under the category of
friction-limited drives as its performance and torque capacity rely significantly on the friction characteristic of the contact
patch between the belt element and the pulley. A unique friction characteristic is also embedded into the CVT model to
capture the effects of friction under dry and lubricated contact conditions. Simple trigonometric functions are introduced
to capture the effects of pulley flexibility on the thrust ratio and slip behavior of the CVT. The results discuss the influence
of band pack slip, friction characteristic, and pulley flexibility on the dynamic performance, the axial force requirements,
and the torque transmitting capacity of a metal V-belt CVT drive.
Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd.