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目录
1说明······································································3
2矩形花键拉刀··························································4
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3矩形花键铣刀·························································15
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4参考文献······························································21
说明
资料内容仅供您学****参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正或者删除。
大学三年的学****即将结束,在我们即将进入大四,踏入社会之前,经过课程设计来检查和考验我们在这几年中的所学,同时对于我们自身来说,这次课程设计很贴切地把一些实践性的东西引入我们的设计中和平时所学的理论知识相关联。为我们无论是在将来的工作或者是继续学****的过程中打下一个坚实的基础。
我的课程设计课题目是矩形花键拉刀与矩形花键铣刀的设计。在设计过程当中,我经过查阅有关资料和运用所学的专业或有关知识,比如零件图设计、金属切削原理、金属切削***、以及所学软件AUTOCAD的运用,设计了零件的工艺、编制了零件的加工程序等。我利用此次课程设计的机会对以往所有所学知识加以梳理检验,同时又能够在设计当中查找自己所学的不足从而加以弥补,使我对专业知识得到进一步的了解和系统掌握。
由于本人水平有限,设计编写时间也比较仓促,在我们设计的过程中会遇到一些技术和专业知识其它方面的问题,再加上我们对知识掌握的程度,因此设计中我们的设计会有一些不尽如人意的地方,为了共同提高今后设计设计的质量,希望在考核和答辩的过程中得到各位指导老师的谅解与批评指正,不胜感激之至.
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2矩形花键拉刀
工件材料为45钢;
硬度HBS180;
强度σb=610Mpa;
工件长度L=30mm。
外径:D=460+
内径:d=420+
键宽:B=
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键数:Z=8
拉削余量A是拉刀各刀齿应切除金属层的厚度总和。应在保证去除前道工序造成的加工误差和表面破坏层前提下,尽量使拉削余量减小,缩短拉刀长度。拉削余量的计算公式如课本表15-1所列。
由于加工花键,孔型为花键孔,且外圆ф46H10,内圆ф42f7
此处假设加工工件的孔径d0为ф41
倒角齿切削余量:
Ad=dB-d0=-=
圆孔拉削余量:
Ay=d-d0=-=
花键拉削余量:
Ah=dmmax-dB=-=
齿升量af在拉削余量确定的情况下,齿升量越大,则切除全部余量所需的刀齿数越少,拉刀的长度缩短,拉刀制造较容易,生产效率也可提高。但齿升量过大,拉刀会因强度不够而拉断,而且拉削表面质量也不容易保证。
经过课本表15-4知,af=~。
取af=。
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⑴前角γ0拉刀前角γ0一般是根据加工材料的性能选取。材料的强度(硬度)低时,前角选大一些。根据课本表15-5,工件材料钢材、硬度HBS180,得前角γ0=16°~18°、精切齿与校准齿倒棱前角γ01=5°。
⑵后角α0拉削时切削厚度很小,根据切削原理中后角的选择原则,因取较大后角。由于内拉重磨前刀面,如后角取的很大,刀齿直径就会减小的很快,拉刀试用寿命会显著缩短。因此,内拉刀切削齿后角都选得较小,校准齿后角比切削齿的更小。但当拉削弹性大的材料(如钛合金)时,为减小切削力,后角可取得稍大一些。根据课本表15-6,花键拉刀粗切齿后角α0=2°30'+1°、刃带bα1=~,花键拉刀精切齿后角α0=2°+30'、刃带bα1=~,花键拉刀校准齿后角α0=1°+30'、刃带bα1=~。
⑶刃带宽度bα1拉刀各刀齿均留有刃带,以便于制造拉刀时控制刀齿直径;校准齿的刃带还能够保证沿前刀面重磨时刀齿直径不变。
⑷小结
粗切齿:前角γ0=17°后角α0=2°30'+1°刃带bα1=
精切齿:前角γ0=17°后角α0=2°+30'刃带bα1=
校准齿:前角γ0=17°后角α0=1°+30'刃带bα1=
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花键齿和圆形齿的扩张量,查表可得为5µm,倒角齿不设校准齿
根据公式:d0g=Dmax±δ
花键齿校准齿:d0g花=-=
圆形齿校准齿:d0g圆=-=
倒角刀齿用于切出键槽底所需倒角尺寸f,也可用作为清除键槽齿毛刺之用。
已知键槽宽度B=8mm,圆孔拉刀的校准齿直径d0g圆=,倒角角度θ=30°,倒角尺寸f=1mm
B1=B+2f=8+2=10mm
sinф1=B1d=1042=
ф1=sin-=°
tanфB=B2ON=B2OE-2NE
фx=90°-θ-ф1=°
M=d2cosфx=
OE=Msinθ=
NE=B2tanθ=
ON=OE-NE=
tanфB=
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фB=
dB=BsinфB=
最后一个倒角齿直径:d2=dB+=
齿距P为相邻两刀齿间的轴向距离。齿距P的大小主要影响容屑槽的尺寸和同时工作齿数的多少。确定齿距P时首先应满足容屑空间的需要,其次应使同时工作齿数多于3个。拉刀切削齿距P一般按下列经验公式求也:P=(~2)l式中L——拉削长度。过渡齿齿距等于P,精切齿及校准齿齿距为(~)P。
粗切齿齿距P=(~2)l=(~2)30=~
取P=10
则过渡齿齿距P=10
精切齿及校准齿齿距P=7
确定同时工作齿数z
z=lp+1=3+1
取z=4
⑴容削槽的形状
拉刀属于封闭式切削,切下的切削全部容纳在容削槽中,因此,容削槽的形状和尺寸应能较宽敞地容纳切削,并能使切削卷曲成较紧密的圆卷形。
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为减少加工容削槽的成形车刀和样板的种类,应尽量将容削槽的形状和尺寸系列化,标准化。当前常见的容削槽形状有直线齿背型,曲线齿背型和直线齿背双圆弧型三种,直线齿背双圆弧槽型槽型容削空间大,制造较简便,当前生产的拉刀大多采用这种槽型,适用于组合式及分块式的拉削和齿升量大的拉刀上,故应选用直线齿背双圆弧槽型。
⑵确定容削系数K
容削系数K是拉刀容削槽纵向截面面积Ap与切削纵向截面面积Ad的比值
即K=ApAd
取K=
⑶容削槽的尺寸
粗切齿用深槽,h=,g=3,r=,R=7
使满足式h≥
=**30=
因为h=>
因此满足,校验合格
拉刀分削槽的作用在于将刀削分割成较小宽度的窄切削,便于切削的卷曲、容纳和清除。拉刀的分削槽,前后刀齿上应交错磨出。