文档介绍：倒装
语法第六讲
什么是倒装
英语句子的语序一般是固定的:主语在前,谓语在后,这叫陈述语序。谓语的全部或一部分(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。倒装有两种情况:语法倒装和修辞倒装。因为语法结构而必须倒装的,叫语法倒装;为达到某种修辞目的而倒装的,叫修辞倒装。
一、语法倒装
Shall I open the door? 要我开门吗?
Are you cold? 你冷吗?
be 句型当中。There be 句型表达的意思是:“某处有….”。这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面,因此这是倒装语序。
例如:
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看这本书的人不多。
There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
表示“虽然、尽管”引导让步状语从句时,句子要倒装,as 相当于though,可以替换。
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
尽管原子很小,我们可以击碎它。
Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
虽然他很累,他还是接着工作。
Cold as/though it was, we went out. 虽然天气冷,我们还是出去了。
被省略时,要把从句中的were, had 或should 移到主语之前。(if 的省略、倒装只限于从句中有were, had 或should这三个词时。)
例如:
If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
,表示“也一样”,“也这样”的句子要倒装。So 用于肯定句,代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词,通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是“so + be (do, have 其他助动词或情态动词)+主语”。
如:
Production is going up, so is the people’s standard of living.
生产不断发展,人们的生活水平也一样。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了,
社会上的人也变了。
,表示“…也不”时,句子倒装。Neither 与nor 意思相同,可以互换。Neither, nor 用于否定句,通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是:Neither (nor) + be (do, have, 其他助动词或情态动词) +主语。
例如:
I won’t do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else.
我不会做这样的事,别人也不会。
The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.
第一个不好,第二个也不好。
I won’t go there. Neither will she.
我将不去那里。她也不去。
, there, now, then 等副词开头的句子中****惯上用一般现在时。
例如:
es the bus! 汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
es your turn. 该轮到你了。
。
如:
May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。
二、修辞倒装
, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中,主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。
例如:
Never have e across such a difficult problem.
我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。
Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这