文档介绍：该【综合英语 语法知识点 】是由【莫比乌斯】上传分享，文档一共【55】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【综合英语 语法知识点 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。综合英语(2)语法知识点
UnitOne
反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.
I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。
Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?
3) 陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?
Someplantsneverblown(开花),dothey?
4) 含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?/shouldn'the?
5) 陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。
Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?/usedn'the?
7) 陈述部分有hadbetter+'tyou?
You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?
8) 陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?
9) 陈述部分有You'dliketo+'t+主语。
You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?
10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?
YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?/didn'tyou?
Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?
11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
Whatcolours,aren'tthey?
Whatasmell,isn'tit?
12) 陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。
Everythingisready,isn'tit?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
,shouldn'the?
,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?
HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?
,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?
Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?
15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey? (doeshe?)
Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)
16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?
Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?
当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。
Don'tdothatagain,willyou?
Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?
注意:Let's开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou?
Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?
Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?
18) 陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?
Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
Itisimpossible,isn'tit?
Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?
20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
Hemustbetherenow,isn'the?
Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won'tit?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren'tI
Wish may+主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few,seldom,hardly, 肯定含义
rarely,little等否定
含义的词
oughtto(肯定的) shouldn't/oughtn't+主语
haveto+v.(hadto+v.) don't+主语(didn't+主语)
usedto didn't+主语或usedn't+主语
hadbetter+v. hadn'tyou
wouldrather+v. wouldn't+主语
you'dliketo+v. wouldn't+主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be+主语
Neither…nor,
either…or连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that, 主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,noone 复数they,单数he
情态动词dare或need need(dare)+主语
dare,need为实义动词 do+主语
省去主语的祈使句 willyou?
Let's开头的祈使句 Shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句 Willyou?
therebe 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must表"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
UnitTwo
usedto/beusedto
usedto+do:”过去常常”,表示过去****惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
Scarfusedtotakeawalk. (过去常常散步)
beusedto+doing:”对……已感到****惯”或****惯于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.
Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(现在****惯于散步)
典型例题
----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.
----It's69568442.
't 't 't 't
,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
动名词
动名词可作主语、宾语和表语。
1)作主语
。
2)作宾语
.+doingsth
admit承认 appreciate感激,赞赏 avoid避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误 deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 prevent阻止
fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推迟 practise训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 resist抵抗 resume继续 risk冒险
suggest建议 face面对 include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive宽恕 keep继续
举例:
Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?
Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.
admitto,prefer…to,beusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,stickto,lookforwardto(to为介词)
nogood, nouse, It'sworth…, aswellas,
can'thelp, It'snouse/good, betiredof,
befondof, becapableof, beafraidof,
beproudof, thinkof/about, holdoff,
putoff, keepon, insiston, counton/upon,
setabout, besuccessfulin, goodat, takeup,
giveup, burstout, prevent…from…
3)作表语
Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.
比较so和such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。
so+adj. such+a(n)+n.
so+adj.+a(n)+n. such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.(pl.) such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.[不可数] such+n.[不可数]
sofoolish suchafool
soniceaflower suchaniceflower
somany/fewflowers suchniceflowers
somuch/littlemoney. suchrapidprogress
somanypeople suchalotofpeople
somany已成固定搭配,alotof虽相当于many,但alotof为名词性的,只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。
UnitThree
动词的语态
语态一般有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1)若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词,如:feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch.
Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.
-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).
Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.
-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.
2)情态动词+be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.
短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.
MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.
Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.
表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand
Itissaidthat… 据说
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信
Itishopedthat… 大家希望
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为
Itissuggestedthat… 据建议
Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然
Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定
Itmustberememberedthat…务必记住的是
ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.
不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear,die,disappear,end(),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,
breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilent,loseheart,takeplace.
如:Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.
比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.
(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.
(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.
(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.
(错)Please
seat.
(对)Pleasebeseated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学****过程中多留意积累。
2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto.
如:Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
3)系动词无被动语态:appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn
如:Itsoundsgood.
4)带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:die,death,dream,live,life.
如:Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.
5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对)Shelikestoswim.
(错)Toswimislikedbyher.
主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…
Thebooksellswell. 这本书销路好。
Thisknifecutseasily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build
Iwastoblamefortheaccident.
Muchworkremains.
3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.
。
Thisbookisworthreading. 这本书值得一读。