文档介绍：该【高中化学关键知识点易错辨析 （2） 】是由【莫比乌斯】上传分享，文档一共【26】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【高中化学关键知识点易错辨析 （2） 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。高中化学关键知识点易错辨析(Thekeypointofhighschoolchemistryknowledgeerror)
Thekeypointofhighschoolchemistryknowledgeerror
Knowledgemoduleofelementcompounds
,thehigherthemeltingpoint,thegreatertheactivityoftheelementarysubstance
Themeltingpointdecreasesastheradiusoftheatomincreases
,carbontetrachlorideandotherorganicsolvent,organicacidisinsolubleinwater
Error:lowerorganicacidsaresolubleinwater
Right,concentratedsulfuricacidwaterafterprecipitationwithvitriol
Forexample,2Na2O2+2H2Oerror,O2=+4NaOH
,firstproducingoxygen,andremainingnitrogen
Error,theboilingpointofN2isbelowO2,andN2isfirstobtained,leavingliquidoxygen
,themainproblemistoremovethepigironinadditiontovariouselementsexceptFe,pigironpurification
ThemistakeistoreducethepercentageofCinpigiron,nottopurifyit
,butK%insoilisnothigh,soitisnecessarytousepotassiumfertilizertomeettheneedsofplantgrowth
Thepotassiumcontentinnatureisnotlow,butitexistsintheformofcomplexsilicateandisdifficulttodissolveinwater
,preparationofBordeauxandmodifiedacidsoil,limeshouldbeused
Right,preparationoflimeandbleachingpowderforCl2reaction,Bordeauxmixtureofcoppersulfateandhydratedlime
Error,SiO2canbedissolvedinhydrofluoricacid
,thenaddingchlorineorbromineoriodineorzincnitrate,allcanproduceFe3+
ErroraddingiodinewaterwillresultinFeI2,becausetheoxidationofFe3+isnotasgoodasCl2,Br2,butstrongerthanI2,andFeI3doesnotexistinsolution
,concentratednitricacidcanbestoredinaluminumcans,indicatingthataluminumandconcentratednitricaciddonotrespond
Error,passivationisachemicalpropertythatessentiallyproducesadenseAl2O3oxidefilmthatprotectsthealuminumcans
,Na2SiO3,Na2CO3,Ca(ClO)2,NaOH,C17H35COONa,C6H5ONaandothersaturatedsolutionintothewhiteprecipitateCO2,continuetopassintotheCO2toexcess,whiteprecipitationstilldoesnotdisappear
Error,Ca(ClO)2continuestopassthroughCO2toexcess,whiteprecipitatedisappears,andfinallygetsCa(HCO3)2
Correct
14.,aclearsolutionbyNH4Cl,AgNO3,NaOHthreesubstancesmixedinto,andifyouaddsufficientnitricacid,whiteprecipitatewillbeproduced
Correct,NH4Cl,AgNO3andNaOHreactaftermixingtoform[Ag(NH3)2]+
AddsufficientnitricacidtoproduceAgClandNH4NO3
15.,inordertomakefulluseofrawmaterials,thetailgasinsulfuricacidindustrymustbepurifiedandrecovered
Themistakeistopreventairpollution
Correct
Error,sodiumsulfidecanreactwithhydrogensulfate:Na2S+H2S====2NaHS
+init,I,AlO,S2,CO32-,HCO3-,notalotofcoexistence
Properly,Fe3+canreactwithSCN-,reactwithI-andS2-,andundergodoublehydrolysiswithCO32-,HCO3-andAlO2-
,sulfurdioxide,chlorine,,buttheessenceofthereactionisdifferent
Right,theactivatedcarbonadsorptionformagenta,physicalchanges,SO2isgeneratingunstablecompoundsandreversibleredoxreaction,chlorineisirreversible
,sodiumacetate,bromine,glass,tribromophenol,barite,TSPcanreactionwithcausticsoda
Error,barite(maincomponentBaSO4)doesnotreactwithcausticsoda
,FeCl2andBr2canbeobtainedbyenteringacertainamountofCl2inFeBr2solution
Mistake,
Fe2+andBr2donotcoexist
+andS2-canundergoredoxreactions,Fe2S3doesnotexist
Error,inthePH=4solutionaroundFe3+,Na2Scanbeobtained,andthesolubilityofFe2S3issmall
Error,hypochloritecanoxidizesodiumsulfiteandwillyieldNaClandH2SO4
Erroriftransferredwithastrongoxidizingacidsuchasnitricacid,
Correct,suchasthinnerHClO4,H2SO4,etc.
,thestrongertheoxidationofthecations
ErrorssuchasthereducibilityofCuareweakerthaniron,whileCu2+islessoxidizedthanFe3+
-inCu2+solution
Error,-toCu2+solutionwillproduceCu2(OH)2CO3immediately
,andthephysicalpropertiesofXandYcanbeasfollows:(1)metalsandmetals;(2)nonmetalsandnonmetals;(3)metalsandnonmetals;(4)nonmetalsandmetals;
Error,(4)nonmetalsandmetalsarenotlikelytooccurinthisreaction
,HI,FeCl2,concentratedH2SO4,Na2SO3,phenolandothersolutionsintheairforalongtimeduetooxidationreductionreactionandmetamorphism
Error,H2SO4isspoiledbywaterabsorptionandreleaseofSO3
Error,concentratedsulfuricacidandcopperdonotrespondatnormaltemperature
Basicconcepts,basictheories,knowledgemodules
Theerroristhatanoxidethatproducesonlyacidcanbedefinedasanacidoxide
,themorestablethemolecularchemicalproperties.
Correct
Error,Sn,Pbandotherreactionsarenotobvious,encounteredweakacidalmostdoesnotreact;whileinthestrongoxidizingacidmaynotgetH2,suchasnitricacid
ErrorssuchasSiO2canreactwithHF/NaOHatthesametime,butitisanacidoxide
-islessthanorequalto2isametalatom;theoutermetalatomelectronnumberis1/2/3/4/5/6/7
Wrong,outsidetheatomicnucleusoftheoutermostlayerofe-islessthanorequalto2canbeHe,Handothernonmetalatoms;theoutermetalatomelectronnumberis1/2/3/4/5/6,117metalelementsintheoutermostlayerof7e-hasnoclearconclusion
,andthereducibilityoftheiranionsisstronger
Correct
:(1)atomsandatoms;(2)atomsandmolecules
(3)moleculesandmolecules;(4)atomsandions;(5)moleculesandions;(6)anionsandcations;(7)cations
Cation
Error,thesegroupsarenot:(4)atomsandions;(5)moleculesandions;(6)anionsandcations;(7)cationsandcations
8.,saltandalkalireacttoproducenewsaltsandbases;acidsandbasesreactonlytoproducesaltsandwater
Wrong,suchas10HNO3+3Fe(OH)2=3Fe(NO3)3+NO=+8H2O
=2andpH=4aremixed,andthepHvalueofthemixturemustbebetween2and4
Wrong,suchas2H2S+H2SO3=3S:+3H2O
ThestrongelectrolyteandH2SO4thatareinsolubleinwatershouldbewrittenasmolecules
+cationcanmakepurplelitmusred
Wrong,likewater
:HCOOH===H++COOH-
Errorfirst,ionizationisreversible,followedbyformateionshouldbeHCOO-
,
Molecularcrystalsarecovalentcompounds
Manymoleculesareelementarysubstances
,metaloxides,colloidalparticlesofmetalhydroxides,arepositivelycharged
Correct
,thenumberofelementsineachcyclesatisfies2n^2(nisthenaturalnumber)
Yes,notethatnisnotaperiodicordinal
Aweaksolutionwithastrongelectrolytesolubility,concentratedsolutionwithaweakelectrolyteduetoincompleteionization,aweakconductivity,suchasasaturatedsolutionofBaSO4
,
Correct
,withthequalityoftwokindsofgasvolumeratioisequaltotwokindsofinversegasdensity
Correct