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JournalofWuhanUniversityofTechnology-
DOI/s11595-022-2579-y
BasicPhysicalCharacteristicsoftheWater-
permeableBrickwithCompositeStructure
WANGHaifeng1,2,LIUYang2,MEIZhen2
(,HuaqiaoUniversity,Xiamen361021,China;-educationalEngineeringResearchCentreforIntelli-
genceandAutomationinConstructionofFujianProvince,CollegeofCivilEngineering,HuaqiaoUniversity,Xiamen361021,China)
Abstract:Theresin-sandmixturewasproposedtobeusedasthesurfacecourse,andcementpermeable
concretewasusedasthebasecourse;suchtwokindsofmaterialswerecombinedtopreparewater-permeable
,flexuralstrength,andpermeabilitywerestudied
byusingadjustingthecontentsofcarbonflber,quartzpowder,cement,sand,
thatthehydrophilicityoftheresin-sandmixturecanbeimprovedafteranyamountofresinisreplacedby
quartzpowder;byusingthesurfactant,theinterfaceenergyoftheparticlescanbereducedsothatthewater
,themechanicalpropertiesofthe
experiments,thepropertiesaboutcompressivestrength,flexuralstrength,andpermeabilityofthecomposite
permeablebrickcanmeettherequirementsofthespecificationsofresin-sandbasedwaterpermeablebrick
JGT376-2012(compressivestrengthwashigherthan35MPa,,and
×10-2cm/s).Therearenoobviousporesonthesurface
courseandonlywatermoleculescanpassthroughit,therefore,thesurfaceofthepermeablebrickcannotbe
blockedupbysolidsubstances,andthepermeabilityofsuchpermeablebrickcanbeimprovedeflectivelyin
thisway.
Keywords:water-permeablebrick;resin;compositestructure;permeability;surfactant
performanceandhumanlivingenvironment[1-3].Perme-
1Introduction
ablebrickissuchakindofusefulmaterialthatcanbe
Theconceptofurbanizationandthestudyofusedaspavement,andsomeresearchershavetriedto
ecologicalbuildingmaterialshavebeenfurtherpro--Fakinetal[4,5]studied
ongreenbuildingsandecologicalmaterials,whichisofmasonrybricks,itexhibitedanobviouspotentialof
playinganactiveroleinenergyconsumptionandenvi-thewastematerialsasapartialortotalreplacementof
,inmanycitiesoftheconventionalrawmaterialswheretheproducedbricks
world,-
timeafterrainingforthereasonthatthepavementmate-searchabouteco-friendlyhigh-performancepermeable
rialsdidnothavethepermeablefunction,ithascausedbricksbyusingalldebris(dredgedmud,wasteglass,
alotofinconveniencetopeople’,it’sdiscardedporcelain)asrawmaterials,ZhouChaoqun
oneoftheeffectivestrategiestousewater-permeableetal[6-8]pointedoutthattheoptimalprocesscondition
materialsasthepavementmaterialtosolvethisprob-determinedintheexperimentsachievedthebestbalance
lem,andthiswillbeveryimportanttoimprovetheroadofwaterpermeabilityandthecompressivestrength
whenthesinteringtemperaturewas1140℃.Theuse
©WuhanUniversityofTechnologyandSpringer-VerlagGmbHofglass,whichisanon-biodegradablematerial,causes
Germany,PartofSpringerNature2022
(Received:June22,2021;Accepted:,2021),signiflcant
WANGHaifeng(王海峰):PhD;.;E-mail:amountsofglasscouldbeconsumedashigh-tempera-
******@,in
FundedbytheNaturalScienceFoundationofFujianProvincewhichthequalityrequirementofglassislow[9-11].Per-
(),theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina
(),andtheEducationDepartmentofFujianProvincemeablebrickswerealsopreparedbypartialsintering
()ofaggregatemethod,whichusinggangueandtailings:.
:BasicPhysicalCharacteristicsoftheWater-permeable...
asaggregatesandbinder,respectively[12-14],itgavethesorptionofurbangroundheatcanbereduced,andthe
conclusionsthattheoptimumparameterstopreparethe“heatislandeffect”canbealleviatedeffectively[20-22].
permeablebrickswereobtainedat1180-1200℃forThiswillplayapositiveroleinsupplyinggroundwater,
45minwith20wt%tailings,60wt%-70wt%gangueandreducingthegroundsubsidence,relievingthepressure
10wt%-20wt%[23-25],itwill
bricks,withtheoptimizedparameters,havehighper-beofgreatsigniflcanceforimprovingthelivingenvi-
meability(),exhibitingconsiderableronmentofhumansettlement.
compressivestrength(exceeding30MPa).Besides,
threekindsoftraditionalpermeablebrickswerestudied,2Experimental
includingsinteredceramicporousbrick(TC),recycled
aggregateconcreteporousbrick(ZS),
porousbrick(PT),JunsongWangetal[15-17]pointedoutThesandusedintheexperimentisordinarysea
thatonthepremiseofmeetingthepermeability,-,thediameterof
-
,whichincludinglowviscosityepoxy
Mostofthetraditionalpermeablebrickswereresin(GCC135)andbluecuringagent(RIMH137),
madeofpermeableconcrete,whichhadalotofbigisusedasthecementitiousmaterialforthesurface
,andthemainindexisshowninTable1and
brickquickly,,
hardlycanbedredgedintheactualuse[18,19],thustheandthediameterofquartzpowderisinthesizeof200
previousperformancewillbeweakenedanditwillre-Table1ThepropertiesofGCC135
Torespondtotheproblemsmentionedabove,aDensity[g/cm3]-
newkindofwater-permeablebrickwithacompositeViscosity[mPa·s]700-1100
[g/equivalent]166-185
brickwaspreparedwithtwoparts,onewasthesurfaceEpoxyvalue[equivalent/100g]-
course,whichwasmadeofresin-sandmixture;andRefractoryindex/1548-1552
theotheronewasthebasecourse,whichwasmadeof
,therearenoapparentTable2Thepropertiesofhardener(RIMH137)
poresonthesurface,andthewatermoleculescanpen-Hardener(RIMH137)
etratethroughthesurfacecoursewiththehelpofsur-Density[g/cm3]-
factant,therefore,thesurfacecoursecannotbeblockedViscosity[mPa·s]10-50
’smore,incasethesurfaceAminevalue[mgKOH/g]400-600
courseofthebrickiscoveredbyanysolidsubstances,Refractoryindex/1460-1463
thepermeabilityofthesurfacecoursecanberestored
-basedCF
Thesand,whichisusedasthemainaggregateofsur-TechnicalindexParameter
facecourse,canbedesertsand,seasand,artiflcialsand,Tensilestrength/MPa3900
orsomeothersolidparticlesofwastes,theuseofvari-Lineardensity/(g/m)
oussandresourcescanbepromotedeflectivelybysuchYongmodulus/GPa200
,thebasecourse,whichismadeofTensileratio/%
permeableconcrete,canprovideenoughmechanicalFilamentdiameter/μm6
propertiesandpermeabilityasthebaseofthepave-Carboncontent/%
Electricalresistivity/(Ω•cm)×10-3
,theab-
Table4Thechemicalcompositionofcement
Chemicalcompositions/%SpeciflcdensityCompressivestrength/MPa
Item3
SiO2AL2O3Fe2O3CaOMgONa2OK2OR2OSO3Loss/(kg/m)7day28day
:.
JournalofWuhanUniversityofTechnology-
-basedcarbonflber(CF)isusedtopromotein-sandmixture,whichwouldbepouredontheperme-
themechanicalpropertiesoftheresin-sandmixture,ableconcretelayerwith35MPapressurefor5seconds
CFareshowninTable3,thechemicalcompositionsof(EPBCS).Thesamplesofsurfacecoursecanbeseenin
(b).
-
(a).Intheprocessof
Chemicalcompositions/%Refractorinesspreparing,putthepreparedpermeableconcreteintothe
Itemmoldflrst(300mm×150mm×65mm),reserve1/6of
≥≤/℃
QuartzpowderSOAlOFeOCaO+MgOthevolumeinsidetheabrasivetooltopourthesurface
i223231730
(200mesh),vibrationcompactionwith35MPafor5sec-
onds;andthen,pourthepreparedresin-sandmixture
,vibration,and
Theecologicalpermeablebrickwaspreparedcompactionwith35MPafor25-30seconds,inthis
intwoparts,onewasthesurfacecourse,whichwaswaythespecimensofthecompositebrickwerepre-
madebyresin-sandmixture;
basecourse,(b),andtheywouldbetestedinthecuringdays.
-,theproportion
andspecimenofpermeableconcretecanbeseenin
(a).Thevolumeratioofthesurface
courseandthebasecoursewas1:5,thecuringageof
permeableconcreteisaccordingtotheexperimental
schedules.
Components/gCementAggregatesWater
Method of permeability coefficient test
-(mm)/
Concrete12045045
Intheexperiment,theruleofresin-sandbased
Duringthepreparationofthesurfacecourse,thewaterpermeablebrickJGT376-2012(thecompressive
dosageofquartzpowderwasproposedof0%,2%,4%,strengthshouldbehigherthan30MPa,theflexural
6%,and8%(wt%),,andtheperme-
powderweremixedflrsttoformthepowdermixture,·cm2)and
theresinandbluehardenerweremixed,whichwastheruleofWaterPermeableBrickJC/T945-2005(the
usedasorganiccementitiousmaterial,andthenputthecompressivestrengthat7daysshouldbehigherthan
resinmixtureintothepowdermixture,keepstirring30MPa,thepermeabilitycoefficientshouldexceed
for3minutesatauniformrate(180turnsperminute),×10-2cm/s)
atthesametime,puttingthesurfactantsolutionwithequipmentisself-madeaccordingtotheruleofJGT
10wt%concentrationintothemixture,keepstirring376-2012,
untilthemixtureiswell-distributed(nearly3minutes).coefficient(KT/cm/s)wasformulatedasfollowsin
Afterthisoperation,thefinalmixturewascalledres-Eq.(1).:.
:BasicPhysicalCharacteristicsoftheWater-permeable...
-sandmixture(withoutquartzpowderandsurfactant)
turedecreasesdramaticallywhentheresindosages
(1)risefrom1wt%to2wt%,andthemixturecannotbe
penetratedbywatermoleculesaftertheresindosage
where,%.Thisindicatesthattobalancetherela-
courseatt℃(cm/s),Qisthepermeatedwaterduringtionshipbetweenthemechanicalpropertiesandwater
theperiodofttimes(mL),Aistheareaofuplayerofpermeabilityoftheresin-sandmixtureisthecoreofthe
thesample(cm2),Histhefallingwater(cm),tistheresearchforthesurfacecourseofthebrick.
penetrationtime(s),andListhethicknessofthespeci--sandmixture
men(cm).Thecontentsofquartzpowderandresinwereset
at1wt%,3wt%,5wt%,and7wt%,andthedosagesof
3Resultsandmechanismresinweresetat1wt%,3wt%,5wt%,7wt%,and9wt%,
respectively,thecomponentsoftheresin-sandmixture
-sandcanbeseeninTable8,meanwhile,thecompressive
mixturestrengthandpermeabilityofthesurfacecoursewere