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员摇摇
第章绪论
摇摇
英语语法共分两大部分:词法和句法。
1 1 词法
英语中的词根据其形式特征、词义以及句法作用,分成十大类:
词类定义例子
冠词置于名词前,说明名词含义的词, ,
a an the
名词表示人或事物名称的词, , ,
box cup bike city
代词代替名词或名词所有格的词, , , ,
you my himself this that
动词表示动作或状态的词, , ,
do play sit eat
形容词表示人或事物的性质、特征的词, , ,
red clever young great
副词表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度的词, , ,
very quickly never indeed
连词连接词与词、词组与词组、句与句的词, ,, ,
and but if when before
数词表示数目或顺序的词, , ,
one two first hundred
用于名词或代词之前,表示该词与其他词的
介词, , , ,
关系的词 in on at over under
感叹词表示说话时的情感的词, ,
oh ah well
1 2 句法
员郾句子成分
句子的主要成分是主语和谓语,次要成分是表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位
语和状语。具体用法详见下表:
1
书
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成分和定义充当词例句
名词
The book is hers.
人称代词
We are Chinese.
物主代词
This pen is yours. Mine is in my bag.
指示代词
That is a cup.
疑问代词?
Who is crying
主语———表示
不定代词
所说的是谁或 Nothing can interest him.
基数词
是什么 Two of them will be chosen.
序数词
The first is better.
形容词
The rich are for the plan.
不定式
To talk is easier than to do.
动名词
Walking is a good form of exercise.
从句
What I will say is very important.
谓语———表示行为动词 He often plays basketball.
主语的动作或 I read an interesting story yesterday.
状态连系动词 The boy is clever.
She looked worried.
形容词
The girl is beautiful.
副词
His mother is always in on Sundays.
指示代词:
What I want to say is this money is the chief problem.
表语———说明
疑问代词
主语的特征、类 I dont know who that man is.
不定代词
属、状态和身份 That is all for today.
基数词
One plus one is two.
序数词
Im the first to know the news.
介词短语
The headmaster is in his office.
不定式
My job is to teach you.
动名词
My job is teaching.
现在分词
The story is very interesting.
过去分词
I am interested in English.
从句
That is what he said.
形容词
This is a clean room.
副词
The room upstairs is better.
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成分和定义充当词例句
名词,
In that area men teachers are badly needed.
物主代词
My father is a doctor.
指示代词
These books are for you.
疑问代词?
Which class are you in
不定代词
Id like to have another