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Vocabulary:
Section A
totheGeneva ______noprisoners ofwar shallbesubjecttoabuse.
A. Customs
be doneto______acidrain.
A. curb B. sue
33. Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,because itwillhappen______,and itwillnot bealong process.
B. simultaneously
C. principally
34. Diabetesis oneofthemost______andpotentiallydangerousdisease intheworld.
B. virulent
35. Rheumatologist advisesthat thosewithongoingachesandpains firstseekmedicalhelp to______the problem.
such______deceptionhas come to take place rightunder ournoses?
thatorganicchemicalsintherockcome mostlyfrom______onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.
D. contamination
-doseintakeofvitaminAhasbeenshownto have______effectsonbones.
39. Generally,vaccinemakers_____thevirusin fertilizedchickeneggsina processthat can takefourtosixmonths.
B. designate
respond,andwe respondfartooquicklyby giving______to our anger.
Section B
41. Thepatient'scondition hasworsened sincelastnight.
B. returned
42. Beijing Television-StationTransmittingTowerreallylooksmagnificentatnight when it’s litup.
restrictparkinginthecitycentre havefurther aggravated
the problemoftraffic congestion.
D. duplicated
44. The applicationsof geneticengineeringare abundantand choosing oneappropriate forthis casecan berather difficult.
D. countable
first eightweeksof pregnancy,thoughnoone understands why.
beenonhormonealternatetherapyforfouryears andlooksfantastic.
47. Ithadover 2,000apartmentcomplexes, agreatmarket,alargenumber ofindustrial workshops, anadministrativecenter, anumber ofmassive religious edifices,andaregulargridpatternof streetsandbuildings.
C. verylarge
extendedperiodsinhospital,theytend to becomeoverlydependentandloseinterest intaking careofthemselves.
49. Theanxiousparentwasvigilant overtheinjuredchild inspiteofafullarrayof emergencyroomof doctorsand nurses.
A. D. dozing
50. Thedoctorvacillatedso frequentlyondisease-preventiontechniques thathiscolleaguesaccusedhim ofinconsistency.
B. instigatedC. experimented
Cloze
Wespendalotoftime looking atthe eyesofothersforsocial 51 —it helpsusunderstandaperson’emotions, thatadults avoideyecontact abouteye gazingpatternsinchildren.
Accordingto new researchbyKalinaMichalska,assistantprofessorofpsychology at the UniversityofCalifornia, Riverside,wenow,knowthat anxiouschildrentendtoavoidmakingeyecontact,andthishas 53andlessfrequentlytheylookatthe eyesofothers,the morelikelytheyaretobeafraidofthem, evenwhentheremaybenoreason to be. Herstudy, “Anxiety SymptomsandChildren'sEye Gaze DuringFearLeaming”,waspublishedinthejournalTheJournal ofChild PsychologyandPsychiatry.
"Lookingatsomeone’s eyeshelpsusunderstandwhetherapersonisfeelingsad,angry,fearful,or surprised. Asadults,we thenmakedecisionsabouthowto respondandwhatto ,weknowmuch less abouteyepatterns inchildren—so,understandingthosepatterns can help uslearn moreabout the development ofsocial learning,”
Michalskasaid.
Michalska and theteamofresearchersshowed82children,9 to 13yearsold,imagesof two women’ equippedwith aneyetracking devicethatallowed themto measure54on thescreenchildren werelooking, andfor showneachofthe twowomenatotalof ,oneoftheimages was55withaloudscream andafearfulexpression, and ,childrensaw bothfaces again withoutany soundorscream.
Thefollowingthreeconclusionscan bedrawnfrom the study:
at the eyes of a face that waspairedwith theloudscream thanthe facethatwasnotpaired withthe scream, 56theypay attentionto potential threatsevenintheabsenceofoutwardcues.
more anxious avoidedeyecontact during allthreephasesofthe experiment,forbothkinds consequencesforhow afraidthey wereofthefaces.
morechildren avoided eyecontact;themoreafraidtheywere57thefaces.
Theconclusionssuggestthatchildrenspendmore timelooking attheeyesofafacewhen previously pairedwithsomething frighteningsuggestingthey paymoreattentionto potentiallythreatening informationasa waytolearnmoreaboutthesituation andplan whattodonext.
However, anxiouschildrentendtoavoidmakingeyecontact, whichleadsto greater thoughavoidingeyecontactmayreduceanxiety 59,thestudy findsthat—over time—childrenmaybe missingout 60_ thataperson mayno longerbethreatening orscary, and yetthechild continuesfeelingfearfulof thatperson.
B. cues C. relationsD. answers
52.
. . more
. what
55.
. suggest
D. about
. fear
time
time alongtime
ReadingComprehension
PassageOne
TheBritishpsychoanalystJohn Bowlbymaintains that separationfrom theparents duringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscar achild’spersonality and predisposetoemotionalproblemsin laterlife.
Somepeoplehave drawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildrenshould not besubjectedtoday carebefore theageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparation itentails,and thataninfantunder threewhoiscaredforoutsidethehomemay sufferbecauseof the separationfromhis .
Buttraditional societies aresodifferentfrom , anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildren and parents foundinmodemsocieties doesnotusually ,insome tribal societies,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmother ofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.
Certainty,Bowlby’sanalysisraisesthe possibilitiesthat possibility that such care mightleadto,say, moremental illnessor crime15or 20yearslater canonlyexploredbytheuseof ,statisticalstudiesofthis kind havenotyetbeencarriedout, and eveniftheywere,theresultswouldcertainly becomplicatedand , commonsensetellsusthat daycarewouldnotbesowidespread todayif parents,care-takersfoundchildren
dly, inthelastdecade, there havebeenanumber ofcarefulAmericanstudiesof childreninday care,andtheyhave uniformly reportedthatcare hada neutralorslightlypositive effect on children’s development.
Whatever thelong-term effects, are threeorthreeand a halfalmostallchildrenfind thetransitionto nursery easy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymore andmoreparentsmakeuseof childcare ,then,is farfromclear-cut, thoughexperienceand availableevidenceindicateearlycareisreasonablefor infants.
the passage,theconsequenceofparentalseparation________.
ismoreserious
C. isobvious
D. inmodemtimes
62. Theauthorthinksthat John Bowlby’s concern___________.
relevantand justifiable
toRelieve
’s theresult of Americanstudies ofchildreninday carein thelastdecade?
children’sunhappinessand protestwasduetothe daycarethechildrenreceived.
ofparentalseparationwerehardtodealwith.
C. Theeffectof daycarewas notnecessarilynegative on children’sdevelopment.
since it’spracticedby somany peoplenowadays.
, whichofthe followingisprobablya reason forparentstosendtheirchildrenunder threeto daycare?
A. They don’tknowaboutday care’snegativeeffect.
B. Theyaretoobusytocarefor theirchildren.
beindependent as earlyaspossible.
D. They wanttofacilitatetheirchildren toadaptto nurseryattheageofaboutthree.
65. What’s theauthor’sattitudetopeoplewho havedrawntheconclusion fromBowlby’sworkthat childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtoday care before the ageof three?
A. Hesupports mostof theirbeliefbecauseBowlby'spropositioniswell-grounded.
forthem,forhethinksthey have beenmisledbyBowlby.
C. He doesn'ttotally agreewiththem,sincethelong-termeffect of day carestillneedsfurther study.
'tquiteunderstandthem,astheyarecontradictoryinthemselves.
PassageTwo
By theendofthiscentury,theaverage worldtemperatureisexpectedto increasebetweenoneandfourdegrees,withwidespreadeffects onrainfall,sea levelsandanimal ,wheretheeffectsofclimatechangearemost intense,theriseintemperaturecouldbetwiceasmuch.
Understanding howArctic warmingwillaffectthepeople, animals,plantandmarine lifeand economic activityin Canada’sNorthareimportanttothecountry'sfuture,saysKentMoore,anatmospheric physicistatUniversity ofToronto Mississaugawhois participatinginalong-term,internationalstudyof the marineecosystem along the BeaufortSea,fromAlaskato theMackenziedelta.
The studywill addtoourknowledge ofeverything from theextent ofsea icein theregiontohowfish stockswillchangeto whichareascould becometargets for oil andgas explorationto the impacton theindigenous peoplewhocallthispartofthe countryhome.
Moore,whohasworkedintheArctic formore than 20years,sayshisresearchhas
alreadyfoundthatthinningsea iceand changes inwind patternsarecausing animportant changein the marine foodchain: phytoplankton(淳游植物)isbloomingtwo the Arcticforwhenfoodisplentiful,andhave notadaptedto theearlierbloom."'Animals'behavior can evolve overalongtime,buttheseclimatechanges areh