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目录
第一部分写作文的规定,评分原则及考试中普遍存在的问题 1
一考试规定ﻩ1
二 作文的评分原则及样卷简介 1
三历年考试中存在的典型问题分析ﻩ3
4
第二部分 考博英语35 篇范文 5
childrenﻩ5
probleminbigcitiesﻩ6
3.“theyoungergeneratonknows best”ﻩ6
7
education 8
9
interesedin todayis earingmore moneyﻩ10
language 11
competition 12
10. The riseofintellectual propertyprotection 12
?ﻩ14
14
14. What kindoflife to live-realisticorromantic? 15
15. Fast food 16
attitudetowardsfightingagainstcriminals 16
17. Parentsaretoopermissive withtheirchildren nowadaysﻩ17
18. Adveriserperform auseful servicetothecommunity 18
19
20. Populationcontrol 21
-timejobsforcollegestudents 21
cars 22
learned fromsars?ﻩ23
24
onhowforbeijingtopreparethe worldolympicgames 24
universitytuitionsystemain chinaﻩ25
ifno attention paidtotheenvironmentalprotectionﻩ25
affairs 26
roleof migrant workersﻩ26
effectofdecodingthehuman bodyﻩ27
31. Theorientationofchina'scross-centuryeconomicreformﻩ28
ageandthebestwaytouseinformationﻩ28
33. Whygovernmentalworkersalsohavetogoabroad?ﻩ29
29
35. Compare withthedomestichen andthe duckﻩ30
第一部分写作文的规定,评分原则及考试中普遍存在的问题
一 考试规定
。审题精确,不跑题。
。语言简洁、精确、说理清晰,读者能从作文内容清晰理解作者写作意图。
。文字连贯、层次分明、意义体现完整。要使文章意义连贯必须具有一定的技能,涉及较强的语感,遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力;
。符合英语体现的****惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功夯实,最后避免中式英语。
二作文的评分原则及样卷简介
14 分:内容符合规定,涉及了标题或提纲中的所有内容;语言流畅;层次分明,句式有变化。词汇丰富,句子构造和用词精确,文章长度符合规定。
11分:内容符合规定,涉及了标题或提纲中的所有内容;文字连贯,句式有一定变化,句子构造和用词无重大错误,文章长度符合规定。
8分:内容符合规定,涉及了标题或提纲中多数内容;基本清晰体现的主题的内涵;句子构造和用词有少量错误,个别是大错。文章长度符合规定。
5分: 内容基本切题,基本体现了标题或提纲中的内容;文字连贯,语言可以理解,但有较多的构造和用词错误,且大错较多。文章长度基本符合规定。
2分:基本切题,但语句支离破碎,只有少数句子可以理解。
0 分:文不切题。只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来,或语句混乱,无法理解。
附:14 分样卷
Topic:With herentryintoWTO,Chinaisbeing plungedintoaninternationalcompetition fortalents,andinparticular,for higher-leveltalents. Tofacethisnewchallenge,Chinamustdo something,among other things,toreform hergraduate(postgraduate) ,andgive thesolidsupportingdetailstoyourviewpoint.
WithChina’sentry intoWTO,sheisfacinga lot ofchancesandchallengesinmanyaspects. Asfaras talentsareconcerned,Chinaisbeingplungedinto aninternational competitionfortalents, especiallyforhigher-,Chinamustdosomething, amongotherthings, toreformhergraduateeducationsystem.
In myopinion,wemust makesomereformandadjustment ingraduateeducationsysteminmanyaspectsas , from theviewofthegovernment,itmustadjustitspolicyofusingtalents,especiallyhigher-,itmay providemany privileges forthem.
Secondly,for theviewpoint oftheuniversities, of graduate’s shouldtake effectivemeasurestodirecttheireducationalgoal fromexam-orientededucationtoeducation for all-,asfaraspersonnelisconcerned,a studentshould paymoreattentiontothelearning of all kindsofknowledge tomeetthe needsofsociety.
In aword, itishigh donot make somechangesin the graduate educationsystem, we mustreformourgraduateeducation system.(219words)
点评:该文紧扣主题,构造严谨,内容充实,语言流畅,句式变化多样。虽有个别小错,但英语体现能力较强,长度符合规定。
万能框架
As isimplied in thetable(orcartoon) andwellknown toall ofus, …Take…inthetable(cartoon)forexample,it’s… forthe…to…Butwhen…
On the otherhand,theredoexistsome… that…Theyaremaking allpossiblemeansto…and tryingtheirbestto…Compared withwhatthose…, It’s apitythat…Andwhat’s more,with the deepening andfurthering ofourcountry’sopeningandreforming,more… areallowed to…WithChinaentering the WTO,… arealso permittedto…Ifstill blindtothis, the … issureto …So,it’surgentandessentialfor…toanalyze… inmindthat… should
Although theconditionisunsatisfactorynow,with theawarenessofthe …inthetable(orcartoon)andall the societyefforts,improvementandaneven brighterfuturearenot onlypossiblebutalsoinevitable.
三 历年考试中存在的典型问题分析
1. 不会审题,偏离主题。
,逐字翻译。常用考生用汉语构思文章,同步将汉语句子硬译成英语。
。
4. 词汇量小,体现困难,拼写错误。
。例如:Our Englishclassoften :
Storiesareoftentold on our Englishclass.
。关联词即过渡词,使用过渡词,可使上下句子和段落合理衔接,承上启下,使体现合乎逻辑,常用过渡词如asfaras, however,well,though,inspiteof。
7. 语法错误。重要体现为:
(1)分不清及物与不及物动词,例如:rise,raise;hear,listen
(2)被动语态和积极语态的误用,例如:interesting和interested
(3)词类混淆,将动词或形容词误用作名词,将名词或动词误用作形容词,例如:
benefit和beneficial;difficult和difficulty;pleasure和pleased等。
(4)混淆可数名词和不可数名词,例如:help,practice等。
(5)冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误,例如:
aEnglishbook,shoulddid,must done等。
文章要内容切题,体现清晰,意思连贯,语言比较规范。这就规定考生在写作时,把握如下方面:
1. 统一性(Unity)
内容切题,事实上就是规定文章统一性。所谓统一性,就是指短文必须环绕着主题扩展,不能多中心。统一性表目前句子、段落和篇章三个层次上。我们写汉语文章的规定是一方面不能跑题,事实上就是对统一性的规定。
2. 连贯性(Coherence)
指句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的衔接要自然畅通,重要体目前文章的逻辑发展顺序和过渡词语的运用上。
1)逻辑顺序
按照时间先后,或空间位置的互相关系,我们可以写出眉目清晰、符合逻辑的段落或文章。论述文体多采用时间顺序,描写文体中空间顺序更常用。高潮形成系指按照其重要性或严重性安排各个发展点(指段落)或发展段(指文章)的顺序,这种语篇发展措施在描写、论述、阐明和议论文中均常浮现。英语语篇的逻辑顺序安排一般是先谈最次要的内容,继而谈较为重要的内容,最后再谈最重要的内容,从而形成文章高潮。
2) 过渡词语的运用—— 语篇的外在连贯手段
有时,单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的,因而过渡词语的运用必不可少。汉语的连贯属于“意合”,英语的连贯属“形合”,而借助过渡词语获得语篇的连贯是形合法最突出的特点。因此,在英语文章内,诸如等过渡词语特别多。它们的运用挑明了句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的关系,使文章更加显得连贯。由于受汉语
“意合”的影响,中国学生常忽视过渡词语的运用。因此中国学生在进行英语写作时必须对此给以足够的注重。
语言的规范波及面广。小至遣词造句,大到语篇构造,无不体现语言使用的质量。根据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷记录,许多考生未纯熟掌握造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼写对的、句子无重大语法错误。因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著,从中学****语言用法,没有仔细阅读过、理解过的东西千万不要在作文中使用,切忌中国式英语。
第二部分考博英语35篇范文
Televisionprogramsregularlyentertain,educate,effectandeven frightenthemajorityofourchildren. Mostchildrenare allowedtowatchwhateverprogramison,with littlethoughtontheeffectthat canbe classed asbeneficialor harmful,accordingtowhat effect theprogram might have ona child.
Thebeneficialtelevisionprogramsaremainlythouse thateducatethe ’sprogramsdevelopthe child’sinterestinschool-typelearningbystressingnumbersandthealphablt,and , suchasthose onanti-smoking, anti-litter, andhealth,should beincludedinthiscategory.
Ontheopposite sidearetheshows, commercials,especiallythosesponsoringthechildren’s programs,aredeliberatelywritten tocreatea desirefor orsex scenescan at bestfilla child’smindwithconfusingormisleadingideas,andcould possibly hardenthechildto violence.
Thoughtful parentswilldefinitelynotallowtheir ’sviewing timeshouldbelimitedtowatchingeducationllybenefical programs.
Housing Problemin BigCities
Withthedevelopmentofmodern industryu,moreandmorepeopleareflowing ,thehousing probleminbigcitiesis becomingmoreandmoreserious.
Peoplehaveofferedmany satellitecitiesinthesuburbsismore beautifulsecneryinthesuburbswillbe appealingtothecity citizens,who sufferfrom air pollution,noises, city, in bigcitieswillthus besolved.
3.“Theyounger generatonknowsbest”
Old people arealwayssayingthattheyoungare notwhattheywere. The samecommentsis madefromgenerationtogenerationand it isalwaystrue. Ithas neverbeentruer thanti is young arebetter growupmorequicklyandarenotsodependenton morefor themselves anddonotblindly accepttheideasoftheir ,whichtheoldergenerationremembersvividly,arenothing more generationisdifferentfromthe oneprecededit. Today thedifferenceisverymarked indeed.
Theoldalwaysassumethaty theyknow bestforthesimplereasonthattheyhave been around a bitlonger. Theydon’t like tofeelthattheir valuesarebeingquestioned orthreatened. arequestioningtheassumptionsoftheirelders and disturbing theircomplacency. Theytakeleave todoubt thatthe older generationhascreatedthe hours,forinstance, arenothing morethanenforcedslavery. Wouldn’t people work bestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility? Andwhataboutclothing? Who saidthatallthemenintheworldshould wear drabgrey suitsand convicthaircuts?Ifweturn ourmindsto moreseriousmatters,whosaid that humandifferencescan best besolvedthrough conventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans? Who saidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthrough conventionalpoliticsorbyviolent means? Whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbe solvedthrough conventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavethe oldergeneration sooftenused violencetosolventheirproblems?Whyare they sounhappyandguilt-riddenin theirpersonal lives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthe desire
to amassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Can anythingberightwiththe rat—race?Haven’t theoldlost touchwithallthatisimportantinlife?
Therearenot questionsthe oldergeneration thepastfortyyearsor sohasn’tbeenexactly spotless. Traditionally,theyounghave turnedtotheir ,—if theyarepreparedtoadmitit —couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren. Oneofthebiggest lessonstheycouldlearnis thatenjoyment isnot “sinful”.Enjoymentis aprincipleonecouldapply to allaspects of life. It issurely notwrongtoenjoyyourwork andenjoy yourleisure to is surelynot wrongtolivein thepresent onthepresentisonlyto beexpressed becausetheyounghave grownupunderthe shadowof the bomb:theconstant . Canwe be surprisedthat theyshouldsooftenquestion thesanityofthe generationthatbequeathedit?
Aspart ofdomesticmodernization,publictransportationneedstobe developed urgentlyin .
Theredoesnotonly existserious traffic jamsbutalso crowdedbuses, ithardtogetto work on timedue to citiesduringweedendsowing tofewer Spring Festivalisdrawing near,thereismuchgreater–ressureonpublictransportationsinceithastodealwithalargenumberof travelersneed special arrangementstogo , publictransportationhas becomebottlenecktotheadvancof Chineseeconomy.