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Whatarecitationsfor?
Givingcredittoothers
Whatarecitationsfor?
Givingcredittoothers
Referringcompactlytofactsorideas
Whatarecitationsfor?
Givingcredittoothers
Referringcompactlytofactsorideas
Tracingthethreadofargument
Whatarecitationsfor?
Givingcredittoothers
Referringcompactlytofactsorideas
Tracingthethreadofargument
Beancounting
History….
Thefirstjournalsappearedinthe1600’s
Peerreviewwasrelaxed
History….
Thefirstjournalsappearedinthe1600’s
Peerreviewwasrelaxed
Citationwasvague
Youatt,whowasprobablybetteracquaintedwiththeworksofagriculturaliststhanalmostanyotherindividual,andwhowashimselfaverygoodjudgeofananimal,speaksoftheprincipleofselectionas'thatwhichenablestheagriculturist,notonlytomodifythecharacterofhisflock,'swand,bymeansofwhichhemaysummonintolifewhateverformandmouldhepleases.'LordSomerville,speakingofwhatbreedershavedoneforsheep,says:'Itwouldseemasiftheyhadchalkedoutuponawallaformperfectinitself,andthenhadgivenitexistence.'Thatmostskilfulbreeder,SirJohnSebright,usedtosay,withrespecttopigeons,that'hewouldproduceanygivenfeatherinthreeyears,butitwouldtakehimsixyearstoobtainheadandbeak.’Darwin,1859,OriginofSpecies,
History….
Thefirstjournalsappearedinthe1600’s
Peerreviewwasrelaxed
Citationwasvague:
"itisastonishing,"(3)hasremarked,"howmanydifferentorgansareworkedinbynature,fortheseeminglyinsignificantobjectofenablingthemaletograspthefemalefirmly."Themandiblesorjawsaresometimesusedforthispurpose;thusthemaleCorydaliscornutus(aneuropterousinsectinsomedegreealliedtotheDragon-flies,&c.)hasimmensecurvedjaws,manytimeslongerthanthoseofthefemale;andtheyaresmoothinsteadofbeingtoothed,bywhichmeansheisenabledtoseizeherwithoutinjury.(4)
3'ThePracticalEntomologist,'Philadelphia,,1867,.
,.
Darwin,1871,TheDescentofMan
History….
Thefirstjournalsappearedinthe1600’s
Peerreviewwasrelaxed
Citationwasvague:
Edwards,(1884)ontheregulationofthesex-:255-7.
Whitlock,.,:427-441.
MostcitationsaretotheconceptofNe
Shouldciteoriginalpapersortextbook