文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
密尔功利主义伦理思想研究
姓名:刘玉容
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:伦理学
指导教师:韩东屏
20090522
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
功利主义思想是伦理学发展史上几种重要的理论之一。约翰·斯图尔特·密尔是近
代功利主义思想的集大成者,其功利主义伦理思想是对边沁等功利主义者思想的发展与
完善。密尔是以新的姿态来倡导功利原则,他的功利主义思想顺应了当时时代发展的需
要,并对功利主义道德标准重新作了解释,从功利主义的道德标准的起点——趋乐避苦,
其发生作用的内在根据——良心,直到最终的目的和归宿——最大多数人的最大幸福,
密尔都是从新的高度来进行的论证,因而他的功利主义思想体系与其前人相比更加完整
和严密。
在当时,密尔的功利主义思想受到了同时代的马克思在内的许多人的重视,因而其
功利主义伦理思想在无论是在社会层面还是学术层面都对当时社会产生了重大的影响。
然而,密尔功利主义伦理思想也遭到了很多人的批评,认为密尔对幸福概念的扩展是吸
收了康德义务论的一些思想,其功利主义思想带有很强的调和色彩,已经不再是边沁意
义上的功利主义。但是,我们应该看到,正是由于密尔在其功利主义思想中融合了义务
论的一些因子,其理论才更具有合理性,也正是由于这种合理性,密尔的功利主义思想
才能在伦理学界始终占据着重要的地位。
并且,随着社会的不断变化,功利主义由于自身理论的特点与其他伦理理论相比其
地位却是逐渐突显,尤其在当前的社会形态下,密尔的功利主义思想更符合人们的价值
观。因此,对密尔功利主义伦理思想进行系统的把握,有助于推动我们进一步确立、完
善适应现代化需要的道德原则。

关键词:密尔功利主义伦理幸福自由正义
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Utilitarianism is an important ethical school in the development of capitalism. James
Stuart Mill, as a significant figure in utilitarianism, propounded a theory pleted
thoughts of other utilitarian such as Bentham. Going with his time and standing on a new
viewpoint, Mill reinterpreted utilitarianism ethics. By viewing from a higher position, Mill
made a pleted and stricter system based on a board examining from pleasure
principle, the start point of morality, to conscience, the inner principle of being moral, then to
the greatest happiness for the greatest majority of people, the ultimate aim and destination.
Mill’s utilitarianism was valued greatly by his contemporaries, Karl Marx, for example,
for his thoughts deeply influenced both the society and the academic circles. However,
there’re many people who criticized Mill for his ideas about happiness contained Kant’s much
thoughts in it which made it sounded too conciliating to be a theory that is close to Bentham
utilitarianism. But we should see that it is deontology Mill put into his theory that makes it
more reasonable and give an important position to Mill in the history of ethics.
Moreover, Mill’s ut