文档介绍：湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
麦金太尔美德伦理研究
姓名:陈升磊
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:外国哲学
指导教师:黄正华;方秋明
20060427
摘要
麦金太尔认为,我们身处其中的现实世界的道德语言处于一种严重的无序状态。他借
用“情感主义”一词作为当代道德状况的表征:所有的道德判断,就其具有道德的或评价
性的特征而言,都无非是偏好、态度或情感的表达。一切无非是以一种操控的方式向他人
表达自己的情感。之所以如此,根本原因就在于启蒙理性的局限,直接原因是启蒙思想家
为此所做的启蒙筹划都无一幸免的失败了。要改变这种状况,就必须回到亚历士多德的美
德传统。麦金太尔运用历史主义方法,依次追溯了美德传统的发展历程:英雄时代的,雅
典的,亚历士多德的,中世纪的,认为这是历史上最富生命力的道德传统。在此基础上,
他提出了自己的,契合时代的新美德伦理理论。实践,内在利益,人格统一性,传统等概
念是该理论的核心范畴。客观的说,他的美德理论对解决当代的伦理困境是有一定的启示
意义的,像自我德性的整合性;社会群体的道德价值感;道德传统的再生性等。但是由于
现代社会中的共同体和古典的亚里士多德传统中的共同体已有本质区别,也即现代社会不
存在古典意义上的共同体,而这种共同体又是古典美德论的背景,因此,对于麦金太尔的
美德理论在现代社会的可行性我们又存有疑问。

关键词: 美德伦理;启蒙筹划;亚历士多德美德传统;实践;内在利益;
人生统一性;传统

I
Abstract

Alastair Macintyre thinks that the ethical language of our socioty is in a grave disorder
condition .He uses“Feeling doctrine ”as the current ethical state token fors another
purpose:All morality is no more than either feeling show or a partiality for
something ,Everything is no more than showing the feeling of self with one kind of means that
behaviour was accuseeed to other people .Why in this way ?The fundamental reason rests
with the limitations of enlightenment reason ,The immediate reason is that the thinkers wholly
failed to save Enlightenment. Then we have to go back up virtue tradition .He utilizes historic
doctrine means and dates from essively the virtue tradition :Heroic age ,Athens ,Middle
Ages ,he think it as the wealthyest vitality morality traditionthat in the history . Then He
propose his fresh moral theory ,the core category consists of Practice ,Intrinsic benefit ,Character
unity and the tradition . Objectively ,His moral theory possess the specified inspiration sense to
resolves the current moral principles predicament ,such asMoral integrity conformity self ; The
ethical value sense munity ; reproductivity of Morality traditions. Yet becausethe
munity is different of ancient essentially,the munity is not
munity in the classica sense, the later has th